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國立臺灣博物館藏19-20世紀初臺灣歷史輿圖概念述與選粹

Historical Maps of Taiwan during the 19^(th) to the Early 20^(th) Century of the Collection of the National Taiwan Museum, Outline and Focal-point Items

摘要


以輿圖為建構臺灣近代地理形象及社會文化歷史變遷之形貌的素材,近十餘年來廣泛於國內各研究機構及博物館推展,跨時限地理資訊系統的建構、輿圖新展現形式的開發、不同時期的輿圖基本研究,乃至輿圖蒐藏的拓展,廣受重視。國立臺灣博物館自日本時代即蒐藏17-20世紀初期臺灣歷史輿圖,視其為臺灣歷史、文化及社會發展的歷史資訊之一,但相較於「文物」類全觀性的系統蒐藏策略,對於「地理圖像」則採「重點式」的蒐藏方略,以為某些重要歷史時期或事件的補充性鏈結資料,故尚難構成互有關聯的輿圖「蒐藏系統」。這種情況至2005年以後,方隨國內輿圖研究的新趨勢而產生轉機,較有系統地補強了19世紀中葉至20世紀前半葉的臺灣相關歷史輿圖蒐藏,以與博物館「文物類」蒐藏主軸有更直接且多元的連結,同時也程度上擴展了館藏臺灣歷史輿圖的基本蒐藏架構。本文先概述國立臺灣博物館(簡稱「臺博館」)19至20世紀前期臺 灣相關歷史輿圖之典藏歷史形構及其含蓋的輿圖類別與主題,以明典藏基本取向與大致內涵。其次再以所涉時期探索、發現及轉化臺灣地理結構與社會文化形貌等不斷推演的歷史過程為依循,擇相關典藏中較能反映此特質者,以為「焦點輿圖」(計19件),其主題包括地理結構、行政、軍事、國際關係、經濟、交通、文化等幾類,並透過各輿圖基本內容分析及其涉及的社會文化背景脈絡,以突顯輿圖「反映不同視角與時代背景下臺灣的不同形象與內涵」之基本特質,以及臺博館藏相關歷史輿圖所具有之文化歷史意義。

並列摘要


For more than a decade, a new trend of discourse in light of the cartography (maps) to formulate the scenario of historical change concerning geographical profile and socio-cultural configurations of Taiwan before modern era has generally been well-received among many research facilities and museum circles in Taiwan. Consequently, a wide-ranging forum of concerns, such as the diachronic geographical information system, new forms of presentations of maps, groundwork study of cartography of different eras, and even accumulations of cartography collections, has emerged and well taken. Since the Japanese Colonial Era, National Taiwan Museum has commenced the collection of historical maps of Taiwan between 17th and early 20th century, taking them as one of the historical sources for illuminating the historical development of culture and society in Taiwan. On the other hand, a stark contrast remained. Upon the collection of "artifacts," the museum generally held on to the "holistic" principle, reaching for diverse socio-cultural categories, while the tenet of collecting "geographical illustrations" fell into the "thematic" measure and focused on the linkage with some distinguished historical eras or major historical events. As a result, a correlated "collection system" of cartography could hardly be reached in this manner. To amend this issue, following the new trend of the study of cartography in Taiwan, the museum takes the initiative to supplementing the collection of historical maps of Taiwan during the mid-19th to the first half of the 20th century with a more systematic approach since 2005. This recent transition of curation process brings forth a more direct and multi-faceted linkage with the dominant focus of existing "artifacts" collection in the museum, while also, to a certain degree, expands the scope of the historical maps of Taiwan in museum collection. This article comprises two parts. First, it deals with the historical configurations of museum collection regarding historical maps of Taiwan during the 19th to the first half of the 20th century in the National Taiwan Museum collection, and its constituting classificatory categories and themes, in order to delineate the basic orientations of the collection and its overall scope of implications. Secondly, following the inspirations of the ever-evolving historical process of exploration, discovery, and transformation of geographic topography and socio-cultural profile of Taiwan in relevant era, 19 pieces of "focal-point map" in the collection are sifted out as they tend to shed a more vivid light on the aforementioned historical process. The constituent themes of these maps include geographic topography, administrative issue, military affairs, international relations, economic issue, traffic and transportation, and cultural affairs. In order, through the rudimentary analysis of these thematic focal-point maps and their relevant socio-cultural context, this article seeks to put forth one of the underlying basic characters of historical maps in reflecting different images and contours of Taiwan under diverse frameworks of perspective and time, and at the same time convey the essential socio-cultural implications of the historical maps of Taiwan of the collection of the National Taiwan Museum.

參考文獻


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