有機質肥料之重金屬含量及“肥料規格”之有關規範

Metal Contents of Organic Manures and the Current Criteria of Regulation

連深(Shen Lian) ； 李艷琪(Yahn-Chir Lee)

《中華農業研究》 43卷4期 (1994/12) Pp. 412-424

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199412.0007

摘要

採集市售及肥料製造業者（包括農業廢棄物處理中心）所生產之有機質肥料共216個，依其材料性質分為雞糞堆肥、豬糞堆肥、牛糞堆肥、樹皮堆肥、動植物質肥料及雜項有機質肥料，測定各類肥料之銅、鋅、鉻、鎳、鎘、鉛、砷含量，結果如下。雞糞堆肥和豬糞堆肥均含顯著的銅和鋅；雞糞堆肥和豬糞堆肥之銅含量各在9~394及6~301mg/kg範圍，其中超過100mg/kg者達各樣本數之約33及42%；鋅含量各在56~1,147及35~623mg/kg範圍，其中超過500mg/kg者亦達各樣本數之9和5%。現行肥料品目規格中禽畜糞堆肥銅含量之高限為100mg/kg，可見相當部分的雞糞堆肥和豬糞堆肥均超此高限。鋅含量之高限雖然尚無規定，惟鑒於垃圾堆肥之鋅含量高限已定為500mg/kg，若干禽畜糞堆肥的高鋅含量仍值注意。豬糞堆肥之鉻含量在3~8,486mg/kg範圍，其中超過150mg/kg者達樣本數之約33%。雜項有機質肥料之鉻含量亦相當顯著，超過150mg/kg者達樣本數之約18%。又豬糞堆肥之鎳含量在4~176mg/kg範圍，超過25mg/kg者佔樣本數之約33%。雜項有機質肥料之鎳含量則在2~92mg/kg範圍，超過25mg/kg者亦達樣本數之22%左右。部份豬糞堆肥和雜項有機質肥料之所以含較高鉻和鎳，係主要與製造過程中皮革粉之摻入有關。現有肥料規格中有關雜項有機質肥料之鉻、鎳含量高限為：每含1.0鹼度計，路不得超過0.1%，鎳不得超過0.01%。由於雜項有機質肥料或豬糞堆肥之鹼度相當高，故其鉻、鎳含量之高限亦必提高；例如鹼度10%者鉻、鎳含量高限應各為1%及0.1%。故上述肥料中即使鉻含量高達8,000mg/kg，或鎳含量高達180mg/kg，仍未超過高限。但另一方面，現行肥料規格或肥料國家標準卻規定垃圾堆肥中鉻和鎳各不得高於150及25mg/kg。若依此標準觀之，則上述肥料所含鉻和鎳是否適當，仍值注意。肥料規格中垃圾堆肥之鎘、鉛和砷高限各為5、150及50mg/kg。依此標準衡之，除了雜項有機質肥料之極少數外，本調查所涵蓋之有機質肥料之絕大部分均符合規定。

關鍵字

有機質肥料 ； 重金屬

並列摘要

Two hundred and sixteen samples of organic manures were collected from either the manufacturers or the sellers during 1990-1993. The manures were classified into (1) composts, i.e., poultry waste compost, swine waste compost and cattle waste compost, and bark compost, (2) organic manures of either animal or vegetable origin, including fish scrap, steamed bone meal, soybean cake meal and rape seed cake meal, etc., and (3) the miscellaneous organic manures which are the miscellaneous mixtures of organic manures. The contents of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and As in the manures were analyzed and a data base was constructed for quality monitoring. The contents of Cu are generally high in the poultry waste compost and swine waste compost which range 9-394 and 6-301 mg/kg, respectively. A quite good fitness of the frequency distribution to the log normal distribution was observed. The contents of over 100mg/kg were detected in about 33 and 42% of the composts, respectively. The contents of Zn are also high in the poultry waste compost and swine waste compost which range 56-4,147 and 35-623mg/kg, respectively; the contents of over 500mg/kg were detected in about 9 and 5% of the composts, respectively. The contents of Cr are often high in the swine waste compost and the miscellaneous organic manures, which range 2~54,324, 3~8,486 and 2~9,196mg/kg, respectively; the contents of over 150mg/kg were detected in about 33 and 18% of the swine waste compost and the miscellaneous organic manures, respectively. The contents of Ni are also high in the swine waste compost and the miscellaneous organic manures, which range 4~176 and 2~92mg/kg, respectively; the contents of over 25mg/kg were detected in about 33 and 22% of the swine waste compost and miscellaneous organic manures, respectively. The higher contents of Cr and Ni in these manures were conjectured related to the admixing of leather waste which was the byproduct of leather industry using chromium. The metal contents in the above organic manures were also discussed in connection to the current criteria of regulation.

並列關鍵字

Organic manures ； Heavy metals