柳杉心材精油對衣魚之忌避與致死活性之研究

Repellency and Killing Activities of Essential Oil from Cryptomeria Japonica Heartwood against Silver Fish (Lepisma Saccharina)

林建宗(Chien-Tsong Lin) ； 賴婉綺(Wan-Chi Lai) ； 蕭文鳳(Wen-Fong Hsiao) ； 王升陽(Sheng-Yang Wang)

《中華林學季刊》 40卷2期 (2007/06) Pp. 251-260

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.200706.0008

摘要

衣魚(Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus)為原始無翅亞綱昆蟲，取食各式織品或書籍等，為一般居家環境中常見之害蟲，對於我們日常使用之衣服及書籍以及文物具有很大的傷害。本研究以柳杉心材精油為研究材料，針對其可能具有之衣魚忌避及致死活性進行評估。經試驗證實，心材精油對於衣魚具有極佳之忌避活性，心材精油濃度為0.001mg/立方公分時，對衣魚之忌避率為83%。而心材精油濃度提高至0.16 mg/立方公分時，衣魚在16hr內即完全死亡。本研究同時利用氣相層析質譜儀分析心材精油，並藉由微固相萃取技術收集於忌避試驗裝置內所揮發出之揮發成分組成。結果顯示，柳杉心材精油主要成分為γ-Cadinene (24.45%)、δ-Cadinene (18.07%)、Elemol (13.08%)、Germacrene D (8.72%)、α-Muurolene (5.55%)、β-Eudesmol(5.06%)和β-Cubebene (4.66%)；而揮散於忌避試驗環境中之成分則為γ-Cadinene (58.92%)、α-Muurolene (11.18%)、β-Caryophyllene (5.56%)、α-Humulene (4.57%)、δ-Cadinene (3.97%)。由此研究之結果得知，柳杉精油確具有開發成符合環保要求居家防蟲產品之潛力，未來可進一步進行劑型的開發以及安全性評估，以賦予柳杉造林木全新方位的利用價值。

關鍵字

衣魚 ； 忌避率 ； 致死率 ； 柳杉 ； 精油 ； 微固相萃取

並列摘要

The silverfish (Lepisma saccharina Linnaeus), primitive wingless insects, feeds on a variety of materials, including paper, cotton, starch and cereals. It is a general common pest in house. In this study, the essential oils of Cryptomeria japonica wood were selected to evaluate its effects on repellent and killing activities against the silverfish. According to the results obtained in the repellency assay, the essential oil shown the significantly repellency activity against the silverfish. The repellent activity was 83% at a dosage of 0.001 mg/cm^3 essential oil from woods. When silverfishes were exposed to a concentration of 0.16 mg/cm^3 essential oil, they were killed completely within 16 hr. The composition of essential oil, the emissions from a test chamber, and the residue left on filter papers previously soaked with essential oil in a chamber were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of the wood essential oil were γ-cadinene (24.45%), δ-cadinene (18.07%), elemol (13.08%), germacrene D (8.72%), α-muurolene (5.55%), β-eudesmol (5.06%), and β-cubebene (4.66%). Only some constituents of the essential oil compounds collected by solid-phase microextraction were found to be emitted in the test chamber, including γ-cadinene (58.92%), α-muurolene (11.18%), β-caryophyllene (5.56%), α-humulene (4.57%), and δ-cadinene (3.97%). Based on the results from this study, the essential oils of C. japonica provide a great potential for developing an environmental-friendly chemicals to prevent silverfish to damage living environment.

並列關鍵字

Essential oil ； Mortality ； Silverfish ； Repellency activity ； Solid phase microextraction