虛構的革命：國民黨土地改革政策的形成與轉化(1905-1989)

A Fictitious Revolution: The Formation and Transformation of KMT's Land Reform Policies (1905-1989)

張景森(Jing-Sen Chang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 13期 (1992/11) Pp. 161-194

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199211.0006

摘要

1905年8月孫中山在東京創立“中國革命同盟會”的時候，說將“平均地權”列為同盟會四大綱領之一。從此，國民黨即以平均地權為最重要的政治口號，並稱為其土地政策的意識形態基礎。但從辛亥革命、北伐掌握政權，一直到撤退台灣，近九十年來平約地權之實施已經證明了這一套所謂“平均地權”政策是失敗的。
孫中山“平均地權”的中心主張毫無疑問的應該是：不勞而獲的經濟地租、絕不應為私人獨占，而應歸全民所共用。漲價歸公就是要“共將來的產”，以避免中國走資本主義的道路，而建設一個“社會的國家”。本文即在追溯這一社會革命理念的形成與這個理念在現實政治實踐中的轉變。
作者認為：孫中山主觀的社會主義並沒有找到客觀的政治及社會基礎，所以在他有生之年即已失敗。而後國民黨在與共產黨鬥爭的過程中，雖然逐漸形成貌似激進的土地政策，但由於與其政治基礎相衝突，已超出其所能推動的範圍，因此，平均地權變成一個純粹虛構的革命。

關鍵字

土地政策 ； 土地改革 ； 平均地權

並列摘要

KMT has always claimed that　its land policies is based on the principle of so called ”equalization of land rights”, which was originated in Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's writings. Ironically, while the slogan is stirring, the performance is poor. The land price in Taiwan is rocketing and the real estates is increasingly concentrated on a few greedy speculators' hands.
Sun Yat-Sen's main thesis is that economic rent should be socialized and shared by everybody in the society, not monopolized by the landlords. This paper traces the development of this revolutionary idea and examines its later transformation in the real political practices.
The author argue that the subjective socialism of Sun Yat-Sen's did not get its objective social and political forces, and eventually failed even when Sun was still alive. After Sun's, death, under the threats of peasant revolution led by the Chinese Communist Party, KMT have developed some land policies with a radical appearance. But these policies has gone too far for KMT to implement. Therefore, ”equalization of land rights”, has become mere a slogan of the fictitious revolution.

並列關鍵字

land policy ； land reform ； equalization of land rights