促進番茄生長根棲細菌之篩選及防治青枯病之測試

Screening Rhizobacteria for Promoting Tomato Growth and Testing Their Potential for Control of Bacterial Wilt Disease Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

鄧雅靜(Y. C. Teng) ； 曾國欽(K. C. Tzeng) ； 徐世典(S. T. Hsu)

《植物病理學會刊》 15卷2期 (2006/06) Pp. 83-95

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200606_15(2).0003

摘要

自台灣中部不同地區數種作物之根系、根圈土壤及根部周圍土壤分離之396株細菌菌株被覆於番茄種子後，利用套袋塑膠培養皿系統於生長箱篩選，約有20%菌株能提高種子發芽率且促進幼苗之根生長，再以含泥炭土栽培介質之穴盤系統測試，共有14株菌株不論在滅菌或未滅菌之泥炭土中，均有促進根生長之效果，其中RS4、RS65及RS70三菌株表現最佳，不僅增加根長度，莖長度、植株鮮重及乾重（RS65菌株除外）亦顯著大於無處理對照組。將此三菌株進一步在民間一處育苗場以泥炭土穴盤育苗方式，評估其促進番茄生長之效益，結果顯示不論以種子被覆處理（浸種30分鐘或隔夜）或以澆灌處理（播種後再澆灌細菌懸浮液）皆顯著提高種子發芽率，此外，此三菌株以澆灌或浸種30分鐘處理者，對幼苗多種性狀，如胚軸高、莖粗、地上部鮮重、地下部鮮重、葉數、最大葉長、最大葉寬、葉面積、地上部乾重及地下部乾重均顯著大於對照組，但以浸種隔夜處理者，各菌株表現差異大。此三菌株以浸種及澆灌處理後在泥炭土（含根）中，除RS65菌株浸種30分鐘者外，於播種後21天內均能維持高族群量，其中又以澆灌處理者之菌量較高。上述具有促進番茄生長之14株菌株中，有11株在供試三種培養基上對青枯病菌PS152之生長皆無抑制作用，但在溫室及生長箱內以種子被覆或幼苗澆灌處理，有9株可顯著降低番茄青枯病之發病程度，而在生長促進測試上表現最佳之RS4、RS65及RS70三株菌株，在防治青枯病之效果上亦最優。此三株菌株經鑑定，RS4為Chryseobacterium sp.，RS65及RS70菌株為Streptomyces spp.，但種名均無法確認。

關鍵字

番茄 ； 根棲細菌 ； 生長促進 ； 青枯病防治

並列摘要

Bacterial strains isolated from root, rhizosphere, and soil around root samples of different crops in central Taiwan were screened in a petri dish-blotter paper system in growth chamber for their effects on tomato growth following seed bacterization (seed coating). About 20% of 396 strains tested significantly increased the germination rate of seeds and the length of seedling roots in the repeated tests. Further screening by a peat moss-plug system showed that 14 strains consistently enhanced tomato root growth, among which, strains RS4, RS65, and RS70 performed best. These three strains increased not only root length, but also stem length, plant fresh weight and dry weight (except strain RS65). Strains RS4, RS65, and RS70 were further evaluated for their growth promoting effect under the conditions of a commercial nursery using the peat moss-plug system. They all increased tomato seed germination following either seed bacterization or peat moss drenching. In addition, many measurements of horticultural characteristics such as stem height, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot and root dry weight were greater by seed coating (30 min seed soaking) or peat moss drenchinng with these three strains than those by nontreated controls. Populations of these three strains in peat moss after introduction by seed coating (30 min and overnight seed soaking) or peat moss drenching maintain high levels (except strain RS65 for 30 min seed soaking) within 21 days after seeding. The 14 strains that were capable of promoting tomato growth were tested for the antibiosis against Raistonia solanacearum PS152. Most (11 strains) did not show the inhibitory activity on three media tested, but 9 strains reduced disease severity of bacterial wilt of tomato in growth chamber and greenhouse tests by seed coating or seedling drenching treatment. Strains RS4, RS65, and RS70 which were better in the ability to promote tomato growth also performed better in the efficiency of disease control. Strain RS4 was identified as Chryseobacterium sp. and strains RS65 and RS70 as Streptomyces spp.

並列關鍵字

tomato ； rhizobacteria ； growth promotion ； bacterial wilt control