台灣疾病地圖繪製之研究與發展

The Research and Development of Disease Mapping in Taiwan

張春蘭(Chun-Lan Chang)

《地圖 ： 中華民國地圖學會會刊》 16期 (2006/06) Pp. 95-108

https://doi.org/10.30006/JC.200606.0007

摘要

疾病地圖繪製可有效率地展現流行病在空間分布的現象。在國際上長久以來發展疾病地圖繪製的研究，在國內的地圖學界鮮少提及。為了讓國內的地圖學者認識這個研究領域，本文先從十九世紀至二十世紀早期的國外疾病地圖之應用回顧開始，再探討到現代國際地理學在疾病地圖繪製的發展，以及到美國與英國為主的疾病地圖集繪製與教科書的出版。而國內相關的研究與發展多數隱藏在不同學科領域中，至今還沒有文章將這些分散在各處的疾病地圖，加以整理與回顧。
本文從不同領域研究與應用的疾病地圖中，找到國內自1975年開始研究發展的傳統疾病地圖，以及自1985年開始發展的疾病電腦地圖之繪製，最後也探討到在國內出版最多的癌症地圖集之發展。近年來由於地理資訊系統的快速發展，利用電腦繪製疾病地圖者也越來越多，這些透過疾病與危害健康之環境因子關係的分布圖。除了可提供傳染疾病位置的資訊，了解傳染爆發的原因，還可以依據非傳染性疾病的分布，提出與地理環境相關的假說。協助找出理環境因素與疾病發生的關聯性，有助益國內疾病防治與預防。

關鍵字

疾病地圖繪製 ； 疾病地圖 ； 疾病地圖集 ； 醫療地理 ； 地理資訊系統

並列摘要

Disease mapping can effectively show the phenomenon of spatial distribution of epidemic disease. The research of disease mapping has developed for a long time internationally, but cartographical academics in Taiwan seldom utilize it. In order to introduce this research area to Taiwanese cartographers, this article reviews the application of disease mapping outside of Taiwan from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. Moreover, it discusses the development of disease mapping in the modern international geography. Finally, it discusses the publication of disease atlases and textbooks in America and Great Britain. While in Taiwan many scholars use related research and methodologies in their specific fields, no article has attempted to put these uses of disease mapping in different fields together for review.
This article traces the research and development of traditional disease mapping from 1975 within different disciplinary research and applications, and computerized disease mapping from 1985 to present. Furthermore, this article also explores the development of cancer disease mapping, which is published most in Taiwan. Recently, with the rapid development of geographic information systems, more and more people utilize computers to draw disease maps. Those distribution of disease and environmental factors which damage health can not only provide the information of the location of infectious diseases to understand the reasons for their spread, but also provide the hypotheses about the geographic environment according to the distribution of non-infectious disease. This article of disease mapping will assist to understand the relationship between environmental factors and the spread of disease, which will benefit Taiwan's disease prevention and control.

並列關鍵字

Disease Mapping ； Disease Maps ； Disease Atlases ； Medical Geography ； Geographic Information Systems

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Aedes aegypti

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