楊柳青民俗版畫中的財富母題意義與轉換

Implications of the Shift of Wealth Motives in Yangliuqing Woodblock Prints

楊玉君(Yang Yujun)

《民俗曲藝》 207期 (2020/03) Pp. 11-60

摘要

民俗版畫（即廣義的「年畫」）的解讀與精緻的文人畫或專業畫師不同，運用的雖是同一套語彙，然而表現精粗落差甚鉅，是以解讀過程頗有障礙。然而在某些財富相關物事的畫面表現上—有的誇大尺寸、有的過度注重細節—具備了相當的一致性。本文以楊柳青民俗版畫中，以發財還家、財神上門等為主題的作品為主，兼採他處版畫作為旁證，首先論證財富母題的細節表現所傳達的財富性質，以及所透露的當時的物質文化。其次以財神類人物的裝扮及相關器物，申論次要財神的原型多半起於卑賤。並以圖例及文獻搭配，說明民俗版畫中看似充滿想像的畫面，經常有其現實中的對應，畫中的貴賤轉換來自所模擬的民間迎財神的祭祀及迎春送神的隊伍。

關鍵字

民俗版畫 ； 年畫 ； 財神 ； 新年 ； 楊柳青

並列摘要

Interpretation of woodblock prints (nianhua) is very different from that of sophisticated literati paintings. Even though there exists a shared system of pictorial vocabulary, various levels of aesthetic virtuosity renders the interpretation difficult. Even so, certain motives related to the desire for wealth demonstrate consistent characteristics, some with extraordinary enlarged size, and others with refined details. I will study the type of prints produced in the town of Yangliuqing that feature the god of wealth and make comparisons with similar prints from other areas to elucidate the nature of wealth and the material culture implied. Secondly, I will analyze the attires and accessories of the characters related to the god of wealth, to argue that their architype are people from the very bottom of the social stratum. I will further argue that the imaginative scenes depicted in the prints might have been an imitation of New Year ritual troupes masquerading as gods of wealth to bring families they visited with wealth and treasure.

並列關鍵字

woodblock prints ； nianhua ； god of wealth ； lunar new year ； Yangliuqing

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