漢語動詞詞彙語意分析：表達模式與研究方法

A Lexical-Semantic Analysis of Mandarin Chinese Verbs: Representation and Methodology

張麗麗(Li-Li Chang) ； 陳克健(Keh-Jiann Chen) ； 黃居仁(Chu-Ren Huang)

《中文計算語言學期刊》 5卷1期 (2000/02) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.30019/IJCLCLP.200002.0001

摘要

在這篇文章中我們將簡單扼要地介紹詞庫小組分析動詞語意的作法，包含了理論部分以及分析的方法和步驟。這套理論架構是從實際分析的過程中逐漸形成的，但尚未完全成熟。截至目前為止，我們已經分析了四十多組近義動詞和近十組動詞語意場，並初步架構了一套由語意屬性組成的動詞語意表達模式。這套理論和分析方法是建立在詞庫小組十幾年的研究基礎上，結合了眾人的力量逐步完成的。
本文嘗試統合眾人的研究所得，設法銜接理論與語言事實，並詳細介紹我們的研究方法。關於理論部分，詞庫小組已發表了許多篇論文。早期架構請參考Tsai等人[1995]、Huang等人[1998]，最近的架構請參考Huang等人[見本期刊]。這些論文側重理論架構在學理上的探討，對語言事實涉及較少。本文則採用較多的語料，設法將理論落實。此外，詞庫小組也發表多篇論文探討了幾個特定近義詞組或語意場，像是Chang等人 [見本期刊]探討情緒動詞、Liu等人[l 997]探討「建、造、蓋」、Liu等人[見本期刊]探討「投、擲、丟、扔」、Liu等人[1999]探討「趕、追」、以及Chief等人[見本期刊]探討「方便、便利」。本文也會綜合這些論文的發現以及其他未發表的研究成果在一個整體架構中。
在文中我們將先介紹研究背景，緊接著進入主題，介紹理論架構的三個部分，分別是1)動詞詞彙語意的表達模式；2)動詞詞彙語意的區分和詞義延伸；3)動詞詞彙語意和其他詞彙語意的結合情況。接下來，我們會詳列實際分析的方法、步驟和範例。最後作個總結。
這篇文章有兩個目的：一方面是將我們一再修正的理論和方法作個階段性的總結，作為日後分析的參考依據；另一方面是將我們的理念和作法介紹給大家希望能得到各界人士的批評指教。

並列摘要

In this paper we will briefly introduce the Module-Attribute Representation of Verbal Semantics (MARVS) and present in detail the methods used to analyze verbal semantics by the CKIP group. The theory and the methodology are based on the analysis of forty synonym pairs of verbs as well as verbs from ten different semantic fields.
This paper will focus on the linguistic data and our research methodology. For more information on the theoretical issues performing to MARVS, please see Huang et al. [this volume]. The research results published by the members of CKIP group on a certain synonym pairs or semantic fields will also be discussed in this paper, such as Chang et al. [this volume] on mental verbs, Liu et al. [1997] on building verbs JIAN, GAI and ZAO, Liu et al. [this volume] on throwing verbs TOU, ZHI, DIU and RENG, Liu et al. [1999] on chasing verbs ZHUI and GAN, and Chief et al. [this volume] on verbs meaning ”beneficial”, FANGBIAN and BIANLI.
This paper will be organized in the following way. In section 1 we will first introduce our basic ideas on verbal semantics. In section 2 we will discuss three related research topics, i.e. the MARVS theory, the distinction and extension of verbal meanings, and the co-occurrence of verbs with certain sentence patterns or adjuncts. In section 3 the methodology used for analyzing synonym pairs and verbs in a particular semantic field will be presented. In section 4 we will give an example of the near-synonym verbs KUAILE ”happy” and GAOXING ”glad” and show precisely what to observe, how to compare and how to explain the differences in detail.
This paper is a record of our research methodology and will be used as a technical guide for the CKIP group. We will keep on modifying our research methods and the theory in the future and we look forward to feedback from readers of this paper.

參考文獻

黃居仁,陳克健 Keh-Jiann, Keh-Jiann(2000).Alternation Across Semantic Fields: A Study of Mandarin Verbs of Emotion.中文計算語言學期刊.5(1),61-80.

黃居仁,陳克健 Keh-Jiann, Keh-Jiann(2000).What Can Near Synonyms Tell Us.中文計算語言學期刊.5(1),47-59.

黃居仁,陳克健 Keh-Jiann, Keh-Jiann(1998).Towards a Representation of Verbal Semantics: An Approach Based on Near-Synonyms.中文計算語言學期刊.3(1),62-74.

黃居仁 Chu-Ren, Chu-Ren(1999).Working Papers on Chinese Verbal Semantics, (Vol. I).

James J., J.(1993).Lexcal Semantic Techniques for Corpus Analysis.Computational Linguistics.19(2),331-358.