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台灣地區國小實施健康促進學校現況之研究

Implementation of health-promoting Schools in the Elementary School in Taiwan

摘要


本研究主要目的是瞭解目前台灣地區國小健康促進學校推動的現況以及學校衛生行政人員實際執行的情形。研究者以台北市、高雄市、台灣省以及金馬地區全體國民小學之各校衛生組長及教師為研究對象。依照都下化程度及各區大、中、小型學校所佔教師比率,估算出各該地區需抽出之學校數,實際共抽出83所學校,衛生組長發出問卷後有效回收67份,回收率80.7%;教師部分有效回收1264份,回收率71.0%。 研究者並以方便取樣抽取18位衛生組長做深度訪談。研究結果發現,各校執行衛生政策、健康服務、健康教育課程及活動、物質環境、精神環境、及社區關係等六大項工作內容,雖有部分的基礎,但學校本位的衛生教育工作均有待加強。各校推動健康促進工作,仍以教育部等上級單位的政策為依歸,由上而下完成交辦事項,對於健康促進學校這個名詞並不熟悉,被動而無真正觀念的落實與延續,因而無法掌握健康促進的核心精神,仍有許多努力的空間。都市化程度並不影響學校推動健康促進工作,但是學校規模卻有影響,中型學校表現最好。學校相當重視實施學生的健康活動,但對教職員工的健康活動實施工作重視度最低。學校本身會提供校園場地及舉辦活動供民眾使用,惟教師參與社區活動可再增強。學校對於菸、毒及暴力防制均極為重視。研究建議:(一)相關單位提供足夠的教育與衛生工作資源,加強健康促進工作內容及策略的宣導;(二)學校就健康促進學校的六大範疇工作,全面回顧與檢討。(三)結合學校及社區資源,共同推動健康計畫。

並列摘要


The purpose of this study was to investigate the status quo of implementing health promotion schools and how the health administrators played the role at present. The sample was selected from the health administrators who were in the elementary school in Taiwan. Sixty-three of the health administrators completed the self-administered questionnaire and comprised the response rate as 80.7%. Twelve hundred and sixty-four teachers completed the teacher questionnaire and comprised the response rate as 71.0%. Besides, the researcher used the in-depth interview to collect more data from health administrators. Major findings of this study were as followed: The schools must enhance in action of school health policies, health services, health teaching, physical environment, social environment, and community relationships. Middle-sized schools were best implementing health-promoting school. Most schools implemented health-promoting schools based on policies of governmental health agencies and education agencies. The health administrators at elementary schools didn't have a clear concept of health-promoting school and implementing the health-related programs in a fragmented way. The schools regarded the students' health activities as one of the highest priorities. By contrast, the schools paid less attention to improve the health of teachers and staff. Based on the results, the authors suggested: (1) Health agencies and education agencies should provide adequate resources to advocate and strengthen strategies and tasks of health promoting schools including training and empowerment. (2) The schools should review and evaluate all health-related activities going on at present and develop a school-based strategies and plan of their own. (3) Resources from schools and surrounding communities should be allocated appropriately to develop and expand health programs.

參考文獻


Australian Health Promoting Schools Association(1997).National action plan for health Promoting schools 1998-2001.Sydney:Australian Health Promoting Schools Association.
Australian Health Promoting Schools Association(2001).National Framework for Health Promoting Schools 2000-2003.Sydney:Australian Health Promoting Schools Association.
Mase, L.,Lievens, J.(2003).Can the school make a difference? A multilevel analysis of adolescent risk and health behaviour.Social Science & Medicine.56,517-529.
Web sites: Responsible self-regulation
Web sites: Responsible self-regulation

被引用紀錄


陳怡雅(2012)。國中生健康相關行為及校園安全對於 身心適應狀況關係之影響 -追蹤資料分析〔碩士論文,中山醫學大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6834%2fCSMU.2012.00169
譚燕婉(2006)。彰化縣國民中小學校長對健康促進學校工作之認知及執行研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0712200716103013
劉芝伶(2006)。台北市國中八年級學生知覺學校氣氛、學業成就與危害健康行為研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0712200716114275
何智靖(2007)。某大學學生對學校飲食政策和飲食環境之認知與飲食行為相關研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0204200815535073
吳雯菁(2008)。彰化縣國民中小學衛生組長對健康促進學校的認知、態度及執行程度之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-0804200910241121

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