運動訓練對預防老年女性跌倒之效益：統合分析

Exercise for the Prevention of Falls in Elderly Women

李亞芸(Ya-Yun Lee) ； 吳英(Ying Wu) ； 蔡亦為(Yi-Wei Tsai) ； 李雪楨(Hsuei-Chen Lee) ； 王瑞瑤(Ray-Yau Wang) ； 楊雅如(Yea-Ru Yang)

《物理治療》 31卷5期 (2006/10) Pp. 273-284

摘要

背景及目的：老人常常會出現跌倒的情況。女性老人因跌倒而引發的傷害比男性老人更加嚴重。物理治療多採運動方式介入來預防老人跌倒，但目前並無一致的結果且並未針對老年女性族群進行探討。因此本篇目的篇利用統合分析方式探討運動訓練於預防老年女性跌倒之效益。方法：利用Medline、PubMed、Cochrane Library及中華民國期刊篇目索引等資料庫搜尋，並針對跌倒、平衡能力及慣用邊下肢肌力等三大面向去分析運動對於女性老人的成效。結果：運動訓練有降低老年女性跌倒及再次跌倒的趨勢，但都未達統計上顯著意義。然而，運動訓練可以顯著降低女性老人因為跌倒造成傷害的人數。此外，運動可改善平衡能力以及下肢肌力。結論：一般性且以居家運動為主的運動計畫似乎無法顯著降低跌倒發生率及再次跌倒的比率，但是這種訓練的確是可以有效的減少因為跌倒所造成的傷害。同時，運動可有效增進老年女性平衡能力及下肢肌力，進而減少因跌倒所造成的傷害。

關鍵字

跌倒 ； 運動訓練 ； 老年女性

並列摘要

Background and Purpose: Falls are a major source of death and injury in elderly people, especially elderly women. Regular exercise has been proposed as one method of preventing falls and fall-related injuries. But there were no consistent results on the effect of fall prevention following exercise. In addition, few studies focus on the effects of fall prevention following exercise in elderly women. The purpose of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis to examine the effect of exercise training on fall prevention in elderly women. Methods: An extensive literature search in four electronic databases was conducted, including Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library and National Central Library of Taiwan. The falling rate, balance ability, and dominant lower extremity muscle strength were analyzed to clarify the benefit of exercise training on elderly women. Results: Our results showed that exercise training can reduce the risks of falling and re-falling in elderly women, but there were no statistical significances. However, exercise can significantly reduce the number of people with fall-related injuries. The balance ability and dominant lower extremity muscle strength can also be significantly improved after exercise. Conclusion: The results indicated that general home-based exercise training program can significantly reduce fall-related injuries and it is also beneficial in improving balance and muscle strength in elderly women.

並列關鍵字

Fall ； Exercise ； Elderly women