原住民與非原住民學童靜態平衡能力之比較

Comparison of Static Balance between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Elementary School Students

何承訓(Cheng-Shiun He) ； 蔣宜芳(I-Fang Chiang) ； 方世華(Shih-Hua Fang)

《大專體育學刊》 12卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 72-80

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1203.008

摘要

國內許多優秀運動選手的出生背景為原住民，就運動選才的經驗也發現原住民的運動條件往往比非原住民好，然而對於造成此差異的原因並不清楚。本研究的目的在於比較原住民學童與非原住民學童的靜態平衡能力，並探討可能影響之因素。實驗對象分為兩組，分別是居住在嘉義縣阿里山鄉內的14位鄒族原住民學童和14位非原住民學童。以不同的靜態站立姿勢，利用測力板測量身體壓力中心的前後位移、左右位移、擺盪軌跡長度、擺盪面積與計算其移動速度。研究結果顯示，原住民學童在開眼左單足立、開眼串足立及閉眼串足立的站姿下所測得前後位移、左右位移、擺盪軌跡長度、擺盪面積以及移動速度均顯著小於非原住民學童。同時在開眼右單足立、開眼雙足立、閉眼雙足立測定下，發現擺盪軌跡長度與移動速度也顯著小於非原住民學童，表示原住民學童靜態平衡能力優於非原住民學童。另外，原住民學童身體質量指數明顯大於非原住民，同時，以七日身體活動回憶問卷記錄身體活動量，結果發現原住民學童在每週身體活動量也顯著多於非原住民學童。經過Spearman等級相關分析發現身體質量指數及身體活動量與平衡指標均呈顯著負相關，顯示當學童的身體質量指數位於標準範圍內時，具有較高身體質量指數者平衡能力較佳。本研究結果顯示原住民學童身體活動量顯著大於非原住民學童可能影響其靜態平衡能力，這也可能是造成原住民運動條件優於非原住民的原因之一。

關鍵字

種族 ； 測力板 ； 壓力中心 ； 身體質量指數 ； 身體活動量

並列摘要

Many of outstanding Taiwanese athletes are aborigines, and previous reports also indicated that aborigines are usually more gifted than non-aborigines. However, the reason for aborigines’ athletic ability remains unclear. The present study was aimed to compare the difference of static balance between aboriginal and non-aboriginal elementary school students. This study includes Tsou tribe aboriginal (n=14) and non-aboriginal (n=14) elementary school students, residing in Alishan township, Chiayi County. Participants were asked to quietly stand on a stable force platform with various static standing postures. The anteroposterior and mediolateral sway of the body center of pressure, the total length track and the area of the center of pressure were measured. The speed of movement was calculated. Results indicated that aboriginal students have significantly lower values than those of non-aboriginal students in anteroposterior sway, mediolateral sway, the total length track, the area of the center of pressure and the movement speed when they were in the following standing postures: open-eye left-single-leg stand, open-eye double-leg in tandem and close-eye double-leg in tandem. Moreover, aboriginal students showed significantly lower values than those of non-aboriginal students in the total length track and the area of the center of pressure when they were in the following standing postures: open-eye right-single-leg stand, open-eye double-leg stand and close-eye double-leg stand, which indicates aboriginal students have better static balance than non-aboriginals. Additionally, the body mass index of aboriginal students is higher than that of non-aboriginal students. The results of 7-day recall physical activity questionnaire indicate that the aboriginal students have significantly higher weekly physical activity than non-aboriginal students. Results of Spearman rank correlation analysis reveal that a reverse correlation between body mass index, physical activity. Our current study suggests that the static balance capability of aboriginal students may be influenced by their significant higher physical activity when compared to non-aboriginal students. This may be one of the reasons why aborigines have better athletic ability than non-aborigines.

並列關鍵字

racial ； force plate ； center of pressure ； body mass index ； physical activity

參考文獻

陳文詮、趙淑員(2006)。年輕女性原住民與非原住民在爆發力與體型上的比較分析。運動生理暨體能學報。4，93-106。

蔡佳良、吳昇光(2003)。從動作發展的觀點來看兒童的平衡能力。大專體育。65，142-147。

邱鈺淇、黎俊彥(2008)。規律運動訓練對身體姿勢平衡控制之影響。中華體育季刊。22(3)，23-30。

劉照金(2002)。影響國小學童身體質量指數、體型意識與運動自信因素之關係研究。體育學報。33，223-236。

Balogun, J. A.,Ajalyi, L. O.,Alawale, F.(1997).Determinants of single limb stance balance performance.Africa Journal of Medicine Science.36(3),153-157.