創造力發展量表之編製與試題反應分析

Development and Item Response Analysis of the Creativity Development Inventory

王文中(Wen-Chung Wang) ； 鄭英耀(Ying-Yao Cheng)

《測驗年刊》 47卷1期 (2000/01) Pp. 153-173

摘要

本研究分別從人格、家庭教養、組織管理等三方面編寫51個促進創造力發展的項目，抽樣調查341位中學教師，請其逐一評定每一項目的重要性與本身的擁有程度，然後以Rasch家族的部分得分模式進行資料檢驗與分析。結果發現這些分量表還算吻合模式，因此所獲得的量尺具有客觀與等距特性。極少數的試題吻合度稍差，我們檢討了可能的原因，並提出將來修訂量表時的參考。根據受試者的反應分析，量表中每一項目對創造力發展都是重要的，不過仍能有效區分其相對重要性。在人格特質方面，最重要的項目為「不為偏見及舊方法所束縛的態度」。在家庭因素重要性方面，最重要的是「尊重子女表達意見的自由」。在（學校）組織管理的重要性方面，最重要的是「鼓勵實驗並提供所需的資源」。透過重要性與擁有度關係分析，我們找出重要但擁有度相對偏低的項目，這些項目內容可以當作培育創造力的重點工作。除此之外，本研究也發現曾指導中學生參加科學競賽並得獎的中學教師，顯著的比其他教師在成長過程裡，擁有較多利於創造力發展的家庭教養方式，這顯現出早期家庭教育的深遠影響。

關鍵字

創造力 ； 人格特質 ； 家庭教養 ； 組織管理 ； Rasch模式 ； 部分得分模式

並列摘要

Fifty characteristics that facilitate creativity development are identified. These characteristics are clustered into three dimensions: personality, family nurture, and organizational management. Three hundred and forty one secondary school teachers were surveyed. They were asked to evaluate how important these characteristics were to creativity development and how much they possessed. The partial credit model (an extension of the Rasch model) was applied to analyze the data. The results show that few items have marginally poor model-data fit. Although all the items are very crucial to creativity development, they exhibit different degrees of importance. In the personality dimension, the most important characteristic to creativity development is “An attitude that is freedom prejudge and old methods.” In the family nurture dimension, it is ”Respect children's freedom of expression.” In the organizational management dimension, it is“Encourage experimentation and provide necessary resources”. Through analysis of the relationship between the importance and the possession, those characteristics that are important to creativity development but relatively difficult to possess are identify, which point out the way to creativity development. In addition, we compare those teachers who supervised students and won science contests with those did not in terms of possession of the three dimensions. The former group possesses significantly more advantageous family nurture than the latter, indicating the influence of family on creativity development

並列關鍵字

creativity ； personality ； family nurture ； organizational management ； Rasch model ； partial credit model

參考文獻

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