寺廟分合與風水─以臺灣彰化縣田尾鄉鎮化堂語聖德宮為例

風水是漢人重要的文化概念，影響漢人的諸多行為。在臺灣的村落中，公廟因具有信仰中心以及公共事務處理中心的角色，地位非常重要。在漢人的文化觀念中，此種公廟的風水也足以影響村莊的發展，故對於公廟的風水非常注重。本文以彰化縣、田尾鄉從清代中期即已發展出來的聖德宮為研究對象，論述它在日治時期因為驚堂大興，田尾地區也出現鷥堂，而鷥堂系統如何進入公廟系統的過程。此一過程涉及地方菁英的角力與互動，更關係到風水對於村莊的影響。原先持有不同意見的兩派地方菁英，在風水觀念的影響下，為了讓村莊得以發展，最後在知名風水師李紫峰的主張下，終於妥協，讓鷥堂與聖德宮結合，形成了公廟之中亦包含鷥堂系統的崇奉現象。而風水與地方菁英的互動過程，也讓我們瞭解風水文化在地方社會的影響力，在整體村莊利益的壓力下，風水文化壓過派系的人際網絡關係，成為寺廟合併的重要原因。

關鍵字

風水；彰化縣；田尾鄉；聖德宮；鎮化堂；地方公廟

並列摘要

Feng-shui is an important cultural concept of the Han people, whose behavior is influenced by it in many ways. In Taiwanese villages, the public temple has a significant role, and functions as a center of cult and communal matter management. The feng-shui of the public temple is given careful consideration, because it is supposed to have an influence on the development of a village. The article focuses on the Sheng-De-Gong of Tian-Wei village, which was founded in the mid-Qing Dynasty. The following question will be discussed: How was the Luan-Tang, which was very popular in the period of Japanese colony in Taiwan, integrated into the system of the public temple? The process of the integration was involved by the competition and interaction of the local elite and was related with the influence of the feng-shui on the village. For the community progress, the two opposing groups of local elites came to a compromise under the coordination of the well known geomancer Zi-Feng Lee to combine the Luan-Tang with the public temple Sheng-De-Gong. The interaction of feng-shui and the local elites presented the enormous effect of the feng-shui cultur on the local society. In order to advance the communal interest, feng-shui became the most important factor in the integration of the Gong temple and the Tang temple, and overwhelmed the relationship of personal network.