從神話傳說故事到歷史文化營構：《嶺南摭怪列傳》析論

歷史上以漢字為載體的東亞國家的漢文文學作品，八0年代以來，開始受到學術界的關注。越南自漢以來即屬於中國蕃屬，向中國進貢，長期受漢文化的影響，其漢字文化圈和儒家文化圈的雙重身份。《嶺南摭怪列傳》為古代越南流傳的漢文志怪、傳奇並錄的文言小說。它是匯集越南、中國及少量印度的神話傳說故事而成的。其內容可歸納成三類：一、敘述越南民族、國家起源、歷史人物與中越關係的神話。二、敘述有關越南物產和風俗的傳說。三、敘述精怪神仙的故事。《嶺南摭怪列傳》裡的故事，處處充滿越南先民的想像，是研究越南文學史、文化史最早、最重要的文學性材料。本篇論文持之作為研究的文本，探討這兩卷二十三篇的傳說故事，越南先民如何從一、大地景物變革的觀察。二、家國歷史的人文營構。三、漢文化傳播的因襲損益等三個面向，將神話傳說故事，從庶人百姓口頭流傳，到文人菁英的潤色編案，漫長的歷史文化營構過程，展現越南本土文化在吸收中國文化之後、產生地域性與時代性的獨特風貌。全文共分四個部分：一、緒論：漢文化漢字圈的異國風貌。二、《嶺南摭怪列傳》的編者、成書時間與版本。三、《嶺南摭怪列傳》從神話傳說故事到歷史文化營構的創作歷程。四、結論：《嶺南摭怪列傳》豐富多元想像的承繼與開展。

關鍵字

越南漢文小說；《嶺南摭怪列傳》；黎朝；神話傳說故事；歷史文化營構

並列摘要

Since the 80's, literature work which were written in Chinese language in history of the East Asian countries began to be concerned. Having long term exposed to Chinese Culture, Vietnam, which was a dependency of China and gave tribute to China since Han Dynasty, possessed dual statuses of Chinese character culture circle and Confucians culture circle. ”Lĩnh Nam Chích Quái Liệt Truyện” was a kind of Chinese language Ghost, legends and recorded classical Chinese novel that spread in ancient Vietnam. It was a collection of Vietnam, Chinese and a few Hindu mythology legends. Its contents can be grouped into three categories. First, it narrated myths about origin of Vietnam, historical figures and the relationship between Chinese and Vietnam. Second, it was a statement About Vietnam products and custom legend. Third, it was an account of trickster fairy story.There were full of imagination of Vietnam ancestors in the story, therefore became the most important and the earliest literariness materials to study literature and cultural history of Vietnam. According to ”Lĩnh Nam Chích Quái Liệt Truyện” as a text which tow volumes and twenty three sections of legends were explored in this paper. This paper discussed how the ancestors of Vietnam spread myths and legends stories from common people to literary elite to show the local culture in Vietnam after absorbing Chinese culture to result in regional and unique style by looking into three viewpoints. These three viewpoints were as follows: First, how the ancestors of Vietnam observe the scenery transformation of the earth. Second, how the history of family and country to be structured culturally. Third, What's the inheritance and loss when Chinese culture were spread.This paper were divided into four parts: The first part in introduction included the exotic style about Chinese character of Chinese culture. The second part introduced the editors, published time and information about version of this book. The third part described the process to produce this book from myths and legends to historical and cultural structure. The fourth part was conclusion which carried out the inheritance and how to develop rich and multiple imagination of this book.