地方派系如何操控寺廟的管理權？－以大甲鎭瀾宮的人事選舉爲例

Temples and Local Factions-A Case Study of the Personnel Election of DaJia Jenn Lann Temple

何鴻明(Hung-Ming Ho) ； 王業立(Yeh-Lih Wang)

《臺灣民主季刊》 7卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 123-186

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.201009.0123

摘要

地方派系存在於臺灣的政治生態已久，經由相關的研究得知派系人物往往會介入社區發展協會、農會、漁會、水利會、信用合作社等人事選舉，讓單純的人民團體或金融機構蒙上一層政治勢力介入的陰影。而寺廟的管理權是否也如出一轍，被地方派系所掌控呢？如果寺廟的管理權是由政治人物所掌控，那麼透過何種方式，理所當然的介入呢？本文將以選舉制度的觀點來看大甲鎭瀾宮的人事選舉，並剖析人事結構背後所產生的政治意涵。大甲鎭瀾宮不僅是全臺香火最鼎盛的媽祖廟之一，每年更以八天七夜／九天八夜徒步前往新港邊境進香聞名全世界。選取大甲鎭瀾宮的人事選舉作爲個案分析有兩個政治意涵：第一，大甲鎭瀾宮所在的臺中縣地方派系生態，是目前臺灣仍然活躍的縣市，而紅、黑兩派與大甲鎭瀾宮的互動爲何？是否直接介入大甲鎭瀾宮的管理權？其制度性因素爲何？第二，同時身爲立法委員以及臺中縣黑派精神領袖的顏清標，擔任第六、七、八、九屆大甲鎭瀾宮董事長，其政教關係所代表的意涵爲何？經由本文研究結果得知，第一，臺中縣的紅、黑兩派可以同時介入大甲鎭瀾宮的人事選舉，與大甲鎭瀾宮董監事會的選舉制度有密切關係；第二，顏清標擔任大甲鎭瀾宮董事長所代表的政教關係，除了讓派系人物打破傳統祭祀圈的概念外，也調解了大甲五十三庄不同派系勢力的衝突，所謂一刀兩刃，各有利弊。

關鍵字

大甲鎭瀾宮 ； 媽祖 ； 地方派系 ； 選舉制度 ； 政教關係 ； 祭祀圈

並列摘要

Local factions have been active players in Taiwanese local politics. Various researchers have shown that factions reach deep into community development associations, farmers associations, fishermen associations, irrigation associations, and credit cooperatives. They overshadow the elections of important posts in these organizations with political tension. This phenomenon begs the question that if religion, as represented in the local temples that wield great influence over everyday life of Taiwanese people, is also the prey of the factions. A positive answer would lead curious researchers to probe further for the methods and the means by which the factions access such influence, and the reasons for their doing so in such an expressive and matter-of-fact way. This paper focuses on DaJia Jenn Lan Temple (JLT), specifically, on its election of the board of directors. The election process, the design of the process, the structure, the resulting composition of the board of directors, and political ramifications are dissected carefully to expose its intricacies and maneuvering of the factions involved. JLT is chosen for the study for two reasons. First, JLT locates in Taichung County, where the interaction between the Red and the Black factions, and between different factions and the JLT can provide significant in sight into the actual management of JLT and if any institutional factors are in play in the process. Second, the chairman of the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth board of directors, Yen Ching Piao(顏清標), was also a legislator in Legislative Yuan during his tenure. In addition, he is widely recognized as the de facto leader of the Black faction in Taichung. Does this juxtaposition of different jobs and functions harbor, politically and religiously, much more than meet the eyes? This paper summarizes the findings of the exploration of JLT and its board e lection system as follows: First, both the Red and the Black factions do involve themselves in the elections of the board of directors, which in turn is the result of the election system of the JLT board. Second, Yen, a law maker who is acting as the chairman of JLT board of directors does have great significance. He broke apart the traditional conception that common worship is limited geographically to allow participation by the various factions, this turn helps mitigate the conflicts thtat arose among the 53 villages, and their faction proxies in DaJia.

並列關鍵字

DaJia Jenn Lann Temple ； Matsu ； local factions ； electoral system ； politico-religion relationship ； religious sphere

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