傅大士禪法中的懺悔實踐

The Practice of Ksama in Fu Tashih's Chan Buddhism

白濬暉（白金銑）(Chun-Hui Pai(Chin-Hsien Pai)

《玄奘佛學研究》 16期 (2011/09) Pp. 125-160

https://doi.org/10.29955/HCJBS.201109.0005

摘要

本文分三個方向探論傅大士禪法中的懺悔實踐，其一，傅大士與梁武帝的懺悔因緣；其二，傅大士懺悔實踐的思想源頭；其三，傅大士怨親平等懺悔的實踐。其一，從諸多學者研究與佛教史傳視之，傅大士與梁武帝二人皆重視懺悔思想的實踐，二人一朝一野，一君一臣，亦師亦友，亦友亦師，在禮佛懺悔與頭陀禪行上的相契相知，相應相行，各見千秋。其二，從《善慧大士錄》的內容視之，傅大士懺悔實踐的源頭，除了得到嵩頭陀的禪法指點外，大部分當是從《維摩詰經》中不二無垢實相無相懺悔而來。其三，傅大士將《維摩詰經》不二無垢實相無相懺悔與彌勒應化思想結合爲一，落實到現實的禪修工夫與梁、陳之際的禮懺時代中，創造性地變成「示現成佛」禪法之怨親平等懺悔的實踐。從弘傳力、實踐力、效驗力、影響力與普及力等角度言之，這種怨親平等懺悔的實踐並不亞於《法華懺》、《華嚴懺》、《圓覺懺》、《佛名經》、《梁皇懺》、《水懺》等著名懺法。

關鍵字

傅大士 ； 梁武帝 ； 懺悔 ； 善慧大士錄 ； 怨親平等 ； 彌勒

並列摘要

This essay is divided into three principal aspects to delve into the practice of Fu Tashih's Chan Buddhism, exploring respectively the cause of ksama practices between Fu Tashih (the Great Master Fu) and Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, the source of Fu Tashih's thought for such practices, and Fu Tashih's ksama practices based on equality for all, even enemies. For the first aspect, scholars' researches and historical biography of Buddhism show that both Fu Tashih and Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty emphasized the practice of ksama thought. Despite their delicate relationship as monarch-courtier and mentor-mentee, the Great Master Fu and the emperor cherished the same ideals and took the same course, both in practicing ksama-repentance and ascetic Chan approach. As for the second aspect, according to the Lectures of Bodhisattva Shan-hui, the major source of Fu Tashih's thought on ksama practices came from the ideas of Non-duality in Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra, in addition to the Chan instructions received from Ascetic Song. For the last aspect, this paper concludes that Fu Tashih linked above ideas of Non-duality in Vimalakirti Nirdesa Sutra with beliefs of Maitreya incarnation, and put it into effect while practicing meditation and in worship and repentance rituals during Liang and Chen Dynasties. He is thus credited with having invented the attainment of the Buddhahood by meditation through the practice of ksama based on equality for all, even enemies. From the perspectives of propagation, practice, effect, influence, and popularity, Fu Tashih's ksama practices based on equality can be in parallel with other well-known repentance rites, such as Fa Hua Repentance, Avatamsaka Repentance, Yuan Chueh Repentance, Sūtras of Name of the Buddha, Emperor Liang's Repentance and Water Repentance.

並列關鍵字

Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty ； ksama ； Lectures of Bodhisattva Shan-hui ； Equality for all ； Maitreya

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