玄奘大師早期行曆若干問題考述

A Textual Research on Several Issues of Master Hsuanchuang's Practices and Experiences in His Early Years

楊維中(Wei-Zhong Yang)

《玄奘佛學研究》 19期 (2013/03) Pp. 25-51

摘要

關於玄奘大師的籍貫，由郡望說是陳留人，由祖籍說是潁川人，由出生地說是緱氏縣人或偃師縣人，可以並存。在目前文獻中仔細考辨，以暫定玄奘生於隋仁壽二年（602年），卒於唐麟德元年（664年），享年六十三歲較為妥切。玄奘五歲喪母，而其父在其出家為沙彌前去世的可能性大些。關於玄奘出家的原因，道宣記載似乎暗示玄奘少年時期生活頗顯困頓，其兄由此才攜其住於佛寺。不管出於何種情形，十一、二歲時，玄奘在其二兄長捷法師的帶領下，住於東都洛陽的淨土寺。他跟隨其兄在淨土寺做了一兩年「行者」。依照享年六十三歲推算，此年即為隋大業十年（614年）。

關鍵字

玄奘 ； 籍貫 ； 生卒年 ； 出家因緣 ； 早期行曆

並列摘要

Master Hsuanchuang's native place can be identified as Chenliu for the province, as Yingchuan for his ancestral home, and as Houshi County or Yanshi County for his birth place, all of which are acceptable. Based on remaining texts, his birth time may be more convincingly and temporarily set as the second year of Renshou (602), and death time as the first year of Lindur (664), and correlatively he died when he was 63. His mother died when he was five, and there is a great probability that his father had died before he became a novice monk. The records by Daoxuan seem to imply that Hsuanchuang's renunciation was because of his poverty, and led by his brother he settled down in a temple of Buddhism. Anyway he followed his second elder brother, Dharma Master Changjear, and stayed in Pure Land Temple in Luoyang the Eastern Capital as a ”practitioner” for one or two years. Deduced from his death time and age (63), this year should be the tenth year of Daayear of Sui Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Hsuanchuang ； native place ； birth and death time ； reason of his renunciation ； early practices and experiences

參考文獻

[唐]釋冥詳，〈大唐故三藏玄奘法師行狀〉，《大正藏》冊50。

[唐]釋道宣，《續高僧傳》卷4、14，《大正藏》冊50。

[唐]釋慧立、彥悰，《大唐慈恩三藏法師行傳》，《大正藏》冊50。

[唐]玄奘，〈重請入山表〉，《大正藏》冊52。

[唐]釋靖邁，《古今譯經圖紀》卷4，《大正藏》冊55。