科技問題解決的教材設計－功能導向模式的應用

Developing Technological Problem Solving Activities Based on a Functional Model

張玉山(Yu-Shan Chang)

《教科書研究》 1卷1期 (2008/06) Pp. 83-103

https://doi.org/10.6481/JTR.200806.0083

摘要

本文主要在分析國內外「生活科技」教科書中，科技問題解決的教材現況，並透過當前科技問題解決教學理論與研究取向，統整提出功能導向的科技問題解決教材設計模式，以及教材設計的實例，供作參考。本文經分析結果發現，國內外教科書採用線性科技問題解決模式為主；並未有學習鷹架的設計；雖有腦力激盪的過程，但少有創思技術的教學；不重視再設計再製作的創新歷程；綜合討論以結果的發表與欣賞為主，較少聚焦在經驗建構歷程。本文分析當前相關研究後，提出功能導向的科技問題解決模式，以界定問題、研究分析、規劃實作、測試評價、再設計等功能循環為核心，以建構學習、鷹架理論、及創意學習3者為教學重點，提出一個「水陸兩用載具設計」的教學實例，供教科書編寫與教材設計的參考。

關鍵字

科技問題解決 ； 科技教育 ； 功能導向 ； 創意

並列摘要

This paper aimed to develop technological problem solving activities from a functional model. After discussing technological problem solving activities in junior high school technology textbooks, the main findings were: (1)A linear model of technological problem solving often served as the basis for those activities; (2)Less use of scaffolding was made to support student learning; (3)Less creative thinking skills were taught; (4)The importance of redesign was not emphasized; (5)The class discussion focused little on experiences and processes of technological problem solving. Based on textbook analysis and literature reviews, a functional model of technological problem solving was proposed. Then an exemplar of technological problem solving activities was designed accordingly.

並列關鍵字

technological problem solving ； technology education ； functional model ； creativity

參考文獻

Technology education in South Africa since 1998: A shift from contents (conceptual knowledge) to proms-based learning programmes

Going Green Challenge-teacher's guide

Dana, T. M.,Davis, N. T.,K. Tobin (Ed.)(1993).The practice of constructivism in science education.Washington, D. C.:AAAS Press.

A philosophy of technology education

Cramming twenty pounds more into a sophomore design toolkit: increasing curricular loads on design students and enjoying it