大專運動員完美主義與目標取向之相關研究

The Relationship between Athlete Perfectionism and Goal Orientation in Intercollegiate Athletes

黃郁婷(Ikea Hung) ； 夏淑蓉(Luca Hsia)

《國立體育學院論叢》 16卷3期 (2005/12) Pp. 75-87

https://doi.org/10.6591/JPES.2005.12.05

摘要

本研究旨在探討大專運動員完美主義與目標取向的關係。研究對象為國內有例行性訓練之大專運動代表棒球類選手372人，其中男選手206人，女選手166人，平均年齡為20.14±2.18歲，以皮爾遜積差相關與典型相關進行統計分析與考驗的所得結果如下：運動員目標取向中工作取向與高個人標準、關注失誤有正向的關係；自我取向則與高個人標準、父母施壓、關注失誤及教練施壓有正向的關係。當運動員是低工作低自我時，他的自我要求與自我表現關注程度越低。然而，當運動員是低工作高自我時，將會知覺到較高的父母施壓與教練施壓。本研究發現運動員的工作取向或許其有調節個體知覺重要他人施壓的效果，而著重社會比較的自我取向則與社會期許式的完美主義有密切關係。根據研究結果，本研究提出體育教師或者教練可以透過工作氣候的塑造來調整情境目標結構，其次，應以綜觀的角度來看待完美主義構面的消長，並建議後續可以結合運動員的情緒、知覺能力、自信心等變項來加以釐清。

關鍵字

運動員完美主義 ； 目標取向

並列摘要

The study aimed to examine the relationship between athletic perfectionism and goal orientation. Participants in this study were 372 (206 male and 166 female, mean age = 20.14±2.18) collegiate athletes. Pearson's correlation and Canonical correlation analysis indicated that (1) athletes with medium task orientation of achievement goals was positively correlated with highly personal standards and concern over mistakes, while high ego orientation was positively correlated with highly personal standards, parental pressure, concern over mistakes and coach's pressures. (2) athletes who exhibited a low task orientation and a low ego orientation were more likely to possess low personal standards and low concern over mistakes. However, athletes with a low task and a high ego orientation were more likely to perceive high parental pressures and coach's pressures. This study found that athletes' task orientation might adjust the perceived pressure from their significant others. Ego orientation focusing on social comparison was closely correlated with social-expected perfectionism. According to the results, this research suggests that PE teachers or coaches can adjust the situational goal structure by supporting the climate of task orientation. In the future, the study relating to perfectionism can be explored with a more holistic view by linking emotion, perceived ability, and confidence.

並列關鍵字

athlete perfectionism ； goal orientation

參考文獻

夏淑蓉(2005)。大專運動員完美主義、成就目標取向與自尊之研究(碩士論文)。國立體育學院體育研究所。

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