跆拳道選手面臨黃金回合之壓力反應及因應策略

The stress reaction and coping strategies of taekwondo athletes in a golden point round

夏顯詠(Hsien-Yung Xia) ； 莊艷惠(Yen Hui Chuang)

《運動表現期刊》 6卷1期 (2019/03) Pp. 35-41

https://doi.org/10.3966/240996512019030601005

摘要

緒論：跆拳道運動是一種高對抗性的比賽，當對戰三回合後分數仍平手時，勝負即決定在黃金回合賽（舊稱：驟死賽），而選手受到高漲壓力的衝擊，會有什麼反應？又會採取什麼因應策略呢？本研究目的在於探究跆拳道選手面臨黃金回合時會有哪些反應，以及探究跆拳道選手面臨黃金回合時之因應策略為何。方法：採用質性研究取向，以半結構式訪談和研究參與者進行一對一的晤談。以紮根理論進行訪談的資料分析，並以三角檢核來檢視資料的信實度。研究參與者為大專校院甲組跆拳道隊10位選手，在過去一年曾經歷黃金回合之情境者為研究資料蒐集來源。結果：跆拳道選手面臨黃金回合時所產生之反應分別為，情感反應（緊張、焦慮、害怕、興奮）、能力期望；而跆拳道選手面臨黃金回合時之因應策略，分別有自我指導、他人指導、放鬆技巧。結論：本研究發現跆拳道選手面臨黃金回合時會產生認知焦慮、身體焦慮；選手參酌的因應策略為採自行改變技戰術、仰賴教練指導和運用放鬆技巧予以因應。本研究結果可提供教練及運動心理諮詢師輔導選手之參考，並建議及早為選手擬定比賽準備計畫與逆境應對之策略，讓選手在面對不一定會固定出現之賽況時，仍能臨危不亂穩住陣腳。

關鍵字

黃金回合賽 ； 急性壓力 ； 狀態焦慮

並列摘要

Purpose: Taekwondo is a highly competitive sports. When the winner will be decided during the 'Golden Round' (so called 'sudden death' round). Who make the vital kick could be the winner in this round. Within the very special setting of the game, athletes are under high pressure in the Golden Round. What will be the reactions from the athletes? And what are the coping strategies for them? The purpose for this study was to: 1) discover and investigate the reaction of the athletes when facing Golden Round. and 2) investigate what would be the coping strategies toward the Golden Round. Methods: The research method of this study was qualitative research. Using grounded theory to analyze the data from semi-structured one to one interview with participants. Triangulation was used to check the trustworthiness. Research participants were 10 Taekwondo athletes from Taiwan Universities Taekwondo first division who had Golden Round experience in the past one year. Results: The reactions of the Taekwondo athletes in Golden Round were emotions (nervous, anxious, fear and excited) and ability expectation. The coping strategies were self-instruction, guidance from others and relaxation technique. Conclusion: The study discovered that Taekwondo athletes will have cognitive anxieties and somatic anxieties when facing Golden Round. Athletes will change their game strategies, rely on guidance from the coaches and use relaxation technique as their coping strategies. The result can provide an important reference for coaches and sport psychologists when they guiding the athletes. The study suggests to develop preparation plans and strategies of coping adversity in the early stage to help the athletes face the uncertainty of the game with ease.

並列關鍵字

golden round ； acute stress ； state anxiety

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