華人創業家心理與行為特質之初探

An Exploratory Study of Chinese Entrepreneur's Characteristics

陳家聲(Chia-Shen Chen) ； 吳奕慧(I-Huei Wu)

《創業管理研究》 2卷1期 (2007/03) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.30132/JER.200703.0001

摘要

中小企業佔台灣企業高達98%左右的比率，這些中小企業的創業、創新精神為台灣社會非常重要的資產，然而台灣對有關創業家精神與創業行為的研究仍在起始階段。本研究之主要目的為建構華人創業家心理與行為特質之理論模型。作者從文獻回顧中，整理出創業家心理與行為特質的四個觀念性構面（自主與自律、社會網絡經營、創新突破和領導溝通）的理論模型，並分別利用青創楷模的傳記做內容分析，及自行編製的華人創業適性量表作為華人創業家心理與行為特質的研究工具，對「創業家」與「非創業家」進行對照組比較，以檢驗創業家心理與行為特質之理論模型。從青創楷模傳記的內容分析發現：青創楷模所具有的五項最重要特質，依序分別為：「企業道德與社會責任」、「成就動機」、「毅力」、「社會網絡關係」和「領導溝通能力」。這結果與國外研究發現大致相似。唯一例外的是，台灣創業家對於自己的社會責任和道德要求普遍很高，這是國外研究中甚少提到的。從華人創業適性量表的建構分析及對照組的比較結果，支持本研究所提理論模型，即創業家特質能夠以「自主與自律」、「社會網絡經營」、「創新突破」和「領導溝通」等四個心理與行為特質構面作為理論研究架構。本研究在量化研究結果與質化研究結果間具有相當高的一致性。華人創業家心理與行為特質之理論模型及華人創業適性量表，可用來進行系統性、長期性研究，作為建構或發展創業精神、創業行為的研究參考架構。

關鍵字

創業家精神 ； 創業行為 ； 創業家特質 ； 社會網絡

並列摘要

Small and medium businesses constitute the majority of Taiwan businesses. Entrepreneurship is the heart of the start-up of small and medium businesses. Although the entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship behavior has been vastly studied in the western society, but the study of Chinese entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behavior is just in the beginning. The objective of the present study is tried to understand the characteristics of Chinese entrepreneurs and to construct a Chinese Entrepreneur Aptitude Scale (CEAS).A conceptual framework of entrepreneur's characteristics has been proposed from past literature review, which includes four conceptual dimensions and twelve measured traits. The four conceptual dimensions are autonomy & self-discipline, social networking, innovation, and leadership & communication. Present study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approach to test the proposed framework of Chinese entrepreneur's characteristics. In the part of qualitative research, a content analysis of the Chinese youth entrepreneur's biography is conducted. The four conceptual dimensions can be successfully used in analyzing Chinese entrepreneur's characteristics. The major results are consistent with the western researches. However, business ethics and social responsibility get the highest frequency in the Chinese entrepreneurs, which mean the Chinese entrepreneurs are more emphasis on business ethics and social responsibility. In the part of quantitative research, the CEAS is constructed based on the proposed four conceptual dimensions of entrepreneur characteristics. The reliability and construct validity of the CEAS are relatively high. The results of the quantitative research are consistent with the qualitative research's findings, which support the conceptual framework of entrepreneur characteristics. The present research findings have both theoretical and practical implications. On the theoretical side, the conceptual framework of Chinese entrepreneur's characteristics can be used for researchers who interested in studying Chinese entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial behaviors, to carry out systematic and intensive studies. On the practical side, the CEAS can be used for theoretical research and practical career counseling who intends to set up new business.

並列關鍵字

Entrepreneurship ； Entrepreneurial Behavior ； Entrepreneur's Characteristics ； Social Network