賽夏語指示詞的句法、構詞與語意初探

A Preliminary Study on the Syntactic, Morphological and Semantic Properties of Demonstratives in Saisiyat

葉美利(Marie Meili YEH)

《臺灣語文研究》 9卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 55-77

https://doi.org/10.6710/JTLL.201403_9(1).0003

摘要

賽夏語有豐富的指示詞，依其形態可分兩組：第一組為帶'isa-這個成分的'isa:a'「那(裡)」、'isaza「那(裡)」、'isani「這裡」、'isaso:「那(裡)」，第二組則為帶hi-或ha-的 hini「這」、hiza「那」、hita「那邊」、hani 「這裡」、hato「那邊」、hiSon「這邊」、haSon「那邊」。本文討論這些指示詞的句法分布、構詞與語意，發現就句法層面而言，多數指示詞具有代名詞與限定詞的用法，帶 'isa-成分的四個指示詞呈現副詞用法，且有些指示詞已發展出連貫句子的功能。就構詞形式與語意的對應而言，除了以-ni,-za 做距離遠近區別 (distance contrast) 之外，賽夏語的指示詞還分別以hi-或ha-作了可見性 (visibility) 的區分。

關鍵字

指示詞 ； 賽夏語 ； 距離遠近 ； 可見性

並列摘要

Saisiyat, a Formosan language spoken in the north-western mountain area, possesses a variety of demonstratives. Morphologically, they can be divided into two groups on the base of whether they contain the morpheme 'isa- or not. The first group with 'isa- includes 'isa:a' 'that; there', 'isaza 'that; there', 'isani 'this, here', and 'isaso: 'there', while the second group contains those carrying hi- or ha- such as hini 'this', hiza 'that', hita 'there', hani 'here', hato 'there', hiSon 'here', haSon 'there'. As shown above, these demonstratives are defined as proximal 'this/here' or distal 'that/there' and thus such definitions are difficult for the learners to grasp the use of them. In this paper, the morphology, syntax and semantics of these demonstratives are discussed. With respect to the relation between forms and meanings, Saisiyat makes a distinction not only between proximal and distal marked by -ni and -za respectively, but also distinguish visible from invisible by the morphemes hi- and ha-. As for syntactic functions, most demonstratives display multiple uses.

並列關鍵字

Saisiyat ； demonstrative ； distance contrast ； visibility

參考文獻

葉美利、高清菊(2011)。賽夏族語詞典編輯的語義分析問題。台灣語文研究。6(1)，189-209。

Sung, Li-May,Su, Lily I-wen,Hsieh, Fuhui,Lin, Zhemin(2008).Developing an Online Corpus of Formosan Languages.Taiwan Journal of Linguistics.6(2),79-118.

The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. 2008. http://wals.info/. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutinary Anthropology.

原住民族族語線上詞典. 2013. http://e-dictionary.apc.gov.tw/。新北市：行政院原住民族委員會。

()。