《紅樓夢》「正邪兩賦」說的歷史淵源與思想內涵－以氣論為中心的先天稟賦觀

A New Essay on ＂the Mixture of Good and Evil Humours＂ in Dream of the Red Chamber-- Based on ＂Qi＂ Theory

歐麗娟(OU , Li-chuan)

《新亞學報》 34卷 (2017/08) Pp. 1-55

https://doi.org/10.6743/NAJ.201708_34.0001

摘要

本文從「個體發生」（ontogeny）的角度，探討《紅樓夢》中關於人物之人格結構與性格特質的先天成因觀。研究成果發現：書中藉由神話設計以及氣論解釋了先天稟賦形成一個人獨立的內在系統，攜帶著一種類似遺傳的密碼，使個體沿著預先決定的道路或序列發展，成為生命各階段中起著統合與推動力量的核心元素。其中，《紅樓夢》對主要人物所限定的「正邪兩賦」規範，作為一種對各類病態人格的統一解釋，還必須從先秦以至漢代的陰陽氣論、魏晉的才性品鑑說、醫家的身體／疾病觀（即中醫病氣概念）、六朝道教的終末論（含末世、陽九百六與劫運說）、宋明理學等多種中國傳統思想文化內涵尋求相應的理解；從社會的角度而言，其存在意義則是超越社會所設立的事物之間的界限而被定義為「不純」的「異常物」。由此乃足以釐清《紅樓夢》對人格建構機制的認識論的深層內涵。

關鍵字

紅樓夢 ； 正邪兩賦 ； 氣論 ； 異常物 ； 終末論 ； 病態人格

並列摘要

This project proposes to investigate the doctrine of the origination of personal characteristics（個體源起觀）and the doctrine of talent and character（才性論）as embodied in The Dream of the Red Chamber. The Dream of the Red Chamber explains the personal characteristics of its characters by ch'i that comes from birth (先天之氣) and the cultivation/ education that comes afterwards, both adopting a deterministic flavor. Remarkably, the novel introduces its characters via a mythical framework. Through the mythological design and the consequential ch'i endowments, the novel gives its characters their inner systems, which, like hereditary genes, are then developed as if following a predetermined path or process. This project further investigates the thesis of theinborn good-evil mixture in one's endowment （正邪兩賦） in The Dream of the Red Chamber, putting it in particular in the context of Chinese traditional thoughts, and then comparing it with Eastern psycho-analytical novels and literary theories.

並列關鍵字

Dream of the Red Chamber ； the mixture of good and evil humours (mixed essences of both good and evil) ； ＂Qi＂ theory ； anomalities ； eschatology ； neurotic personality