唐代「極玄」詩學體系與杜甫－以幾個關鍵詞為核心

The Poetic System of ＂Jixuan＂ of Tang and Du Fu - With a Focus on A Few Keywords

歐麗娟(OU, Li-chuan)

《新亞學報》 35卷 (2018/08) Pp. 57-104

https://doi.org/10.6743/NAJ.201808_35.0002

摘要

姚合乃備受關注的唐代選家，《極玄集》則為一部保存完善、廣受討論的唐詩選集，學界迄今研究者眾，累積了極為豐富的成果。在此基礎上，本文注意到幾個問題並進一步給予解答。首先，此一由姚合所建構的「極玄」詩學體系，就選家的當代背景而言，可以思考詩壇上「射鵰」及其他特殊語彙之象喻說法，司空圖、姚賈、大曆詩人等與「極玄」的關係，以及選集中不收當代元、白之作的原因；其次，由於晚唐韋莊《又玄集》乃是承姚合《極玄集》而作，藉之乃可透過杜甫以理解《又玄集》對「玄」的認知，提供如何理解「極玄」的詩學意涵，並確立杜甫與極玄詩學的關係，建構出「謝朓－王維－杜甫晚年－大曆－姚賈」的詩學史新軸線。凡此，皆能有助於對「極玄」的明確定義。

關鍵字

姚合 ； 射鵰 ； 《極玄集》 ； 《又玄集》 ； 杜甫

並列摘要

Jixuan ji is one of the few well-preserved anthologies of Tang poetry, and its compiler, Yao He, a well-noted Tang poet. Based on the rich results of the studies about Jixuan ji, this article raises some questions about the meaning of the term jixuan in the title and attempts some answers. My investigation follows two paths. The first path takes me to the discussion of the metaphoric functions of such keywords as she-diao (condor-shooting) during the lifetime of Yao He, an analysis of the relation between the Dali poets, Yao He, Jia Dao and others and the term jixuan, and finally the reason behind the exclusion of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi from the anthology. The second path begins with the intimation that Youxuan ji, compiled by Wei Zhung of late Tang, was a continuation of the effort of Jixuan ji, which allows us to fathom the meaning of jixuan through Du Fu and to establish the relationship between Du Fu and the poetics of jixuan. Consequently, a new axis in the history of poetry can be delineated: from Xie Tiao through Wang Wei and Du Fu of later years to the Dali poets and Yao He and Jia Dao.

並列關鍵字

Tang Anthologies of Tang Poetry ； Yao He ； Jixuan ji ； Youxuan ji ； Du Fu