新直轄市下區公所對鄉鎮市的全面取代,能否產生良好的區域治理成果,是本研究所欲回答的核心問題。而在研究問題的回應上,社會資本作為一種有助於集體行動開展的資源,在新直轄市制度結構轉換後呈現的發展情況,是本研究回應此一問題的論述途徑。 本研究將社會資本拆解為網絡、規範與信任三個要素,藉由三要素的觀察作為評估社會資本發展情況的方式。另一方面,本研究從社會資本研究中「以制度為中心」的社會資本論出發,說明正式制度轉換對社會資本的影響力,以及制度設計中特別值得觀察的「與志願部門的關係」、「公民參與的機會」、「決策回應性」與「民主領導與社會吸納」這四個面向。透過四個制度設計面向在改制後的轉變,來和社會資本要素發展情況進行連結,探討新直轄市制度設計的良窳。 在以新北市新店區為研究對象的情況下,經由相關文獻分析與實際訪談的進行,本研究認為改制後正式制度對地方社群組織支持程度的下降以及地方事務參與管道的限縮,對網絡要素帶來負面影響;而制度設計所導致的互惠能力衰退,則讓規範要素逐漸萎縮;最後,制度設計在決策公平性上的缺陷,對於信任要素的累積形成障礙。因此,改制後新直轄市制度結構的轉換,在累積社會資本,落實地方善治的評價基準上,無法稱之為一套良好的制度結構。 在透過制度設計累積社會資本的目標上,本研究建議未來直轄市的制度設計,可以考慮強化社群組織的參與能力、訂定活動審核標準提高活動品質、參考巴黎市增設區民代表會、強化區公所職能,以及合理化里辦公室與社區發展協會的資源分配,透過社會資本的提高,落實良好的區域治理。
In this thesis, the main question is that whether district office can completely replace township in new municipalities yield good regional governance outcomes. Social capital, as a resource to carry out collective action, it’s development after system restructuring, is the main approach to respond this question in the thesis. This thesis divides social capital into three elements including network, norm, and trust. By observing these elements’ change, it provides an instrument to evaluate the development of social capital. On the other hand, this thesis start from “institution-centered model” in the social capital theory to indicate that restructuring of formal institution can have the impact on social capital. Meanwhile, focusing on “relationships with the voluntary sector”, “opportunities for citizen participation”, “responsiveness of decision-making”, and “democratic leadership and social inclusion” four institutional design dimensions. By connecting four dimensions and three elements’ change after system restructuring, the merits and drawbacks of new municipal institutional design can be explored. Xindian district in the New Taipei City is used to be a case study in this research. Through relevant literature analyzing and interviews conducting, this study suggests that after institution restructuring: declining degree of support to local community associations and narrowing of local affairs participating opportunities have negative impact on network element, while recession of reciprocal capability causes norm element to shrink. Finally, the defect of decision-making fairness obstructs the accumulation of trust. Therefore, under the criteria that accumulation of social capital to fulfill good governance, new municipal system cannot be dubbed as a good institution structure. To accumulate social capital, this study suggests that future municipal institution design should improve participating ability of community associations, set up standards to enhance activities’ quality, take Paris as a reference to add district representatives, strengthen district office function , and rationalize allocation of resources between neighborhood office and community development association.