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  • 學位論文

公民新聞與民主之關係探討:以太陽花運動為例

Between Citizen Journalism and Democracy: Take “Sun Flower Movement” as Example

指導教授 : 王業立
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摘要


在公民新聞興起後,外界普遍認為公民新聞能補足傳統大眾媒體的缺失,能傳遞弱勢族群的聲音。過去研究多樂觀看待公民新聞能扮演公共領域的角色,較少進一步探討公民新聞對民主社會的影響。 太陽花運動期間,公民媒體蔚為風潮,大量報導運動參與者的意見,被認為是運動成功的推手。本研究將藉由太陽花運動期間公民新聞的表現,探討公民新聞的民主功能、公民新聞是否可能不利於民主發展,以及公民新聞未來應強化其影響力,或是維持現狀。 研究發現,公民新聞的確實踐民主參與的精神,賦予民眾參與公共事務的管道,並形成對抗性公共領域,讓少數意見有發聲空間,確實符合Nancy Fraser多元性的概念。然而公民新聞的內容相似度高,可能不利於社會不同世代的對話。其次,公民媒體缺乏問¬責機制,加上部分公民記者可能混淆運動者與報導者角色,都不利於民主社會發展。但是樂觀來看,只要公民新聞能維持資訊的正確性,那麼公民的主動參與,就是民主實踐的第一步。 最後,本研究建議,除了閱聽人要保持主動使用媒體的習慣外,也可以積極關注周遭事務或參與公共議題。另外,未來應由獨立的機關或單位,仿效日本成立「公民編輯」,整合各公民媒體,使零散的論述聚焦,形成對抗傳統媒體的力量。

並列摘要


Following the rise of citizen journalism, the public tends to believe that such new form of reporting can fill the gap of traditional journalism that has failed to let the voices of the underprivileged groups being heard. Previous studies are mostly optimistic about the role citizen journalism could play in public domain. But most of these studies did not study further on its impact on a democratic society. Citizen journalism has become extremely influential during the Sunflower Movement when a huge number of coverage made by citizen journalists were focusing on the personal opinions of the movement participants. The paper studies the performance of citizen journalism during the Sunflower Movement to see how it affects democratic development especially on if it has negative impact. The paper also studies on if citizen journalism should continue to enhance its influence to the society or should refrain from doing so. The paper ultimately shows that citizen journalism does realized the spirit of democratic participation that allows ordinary citizens to take part in public affairs that could counter public sphere. In doing so, the voices of the minority can be heard. Such citizen participation is in conformity with the diversity concept proposed by Nancy Fraser. However, citizen journalism also has a major flaw: the contents of these coverages are highly similar, which could be little good in promoting dialogue between different generations. Also, there is no accountability mechanism for such new form of journalism. Many of these citizen journalists have also failed to remain neutral while reporting. These are some factors that could have negative impact on the development of a democratic society. From a more optimistic point of view, meanwhile, as long as citizen journalism can keep its reporting accurate, it is definitely a first step for citizen participation in democracy. The paper proposes that audiences of citizen journalisms should actively use all kinds of media to keep themselves updated with the latest news. They could also closely follow and actively take part in public affairs. An independent organization like citizen-editors like those in Japan should be formed as well to integrate all kinds of citizen media. In doing so that they can come up with a united front so that their discourse will be focused thus becoming a stronger force to confront with traditional media.

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