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  • 學位論文

城市化下的遷移調適與飲食實作變遷──以蘇州農村九大隊為例

Adaptation and Food-way Changes after Demolition and Relocation during Urbanization: A Case Study of Village Jiu Da Dui, Suzhou, China

指導教授 : 王志弘
本文將於2028/09/18開放下載。若您希望在開放下載時收到通知,可將文章加入收藏

摘要


中國的鄉村正在迅速的轉變為都市,面對從村民到市民,從鄉村到都市的轉變,本研究試圖從飲食實作切入,探討「人」和「空間」的變化。飲食實作中介了遷徙前後的社會關係的維持與調適,也透露了不同年齡和世代在面對日常生活變化時調整的狀態。最日常的飲食,體現了人們認同的維持和轉變。 本文的研究地點在中國南方較為發達的城市,蘇州轄區內村莊九大隊。本文首先通過歷史研究,梳理出其地方特殊性——經濟較為發達,空間上靠近都市。九大隊雖然在戶籍上是農村,但它和城市的關係,並不是充滿張力,反而更多是合作共贏,即村民們既能避開都市較高的房價與緊張生活,又能通過都市工作獲得經濟來源。 本文以參與式觀察和訪談的研究方法去呈現拆遷前,住在臨時住所時,以及搬入新家後三個階段飲食實作的異同。文章經由個別家戶的飲食實作經驗以及社會關係、家庭關係出發,梳理出當地人通過種菜維持原本的生活習慣,又通過分享食物調適搬遷,應對生活變化,進而補充城鄉遷徙、城市化文獻中討論了城鄉的政治經濟文化等層面,但較少著墨人本身的日常生活的不足。同時,文章指出不同年齡和不同性別的村民在農民變為市民的過程中,並非全然主動與順暢的轉變,他們轉變的態度蘊藏在日常生活的居住與飲食之中。 這個案例發生在正經歷著城市化的中國南方,一個相對富裕的村莊,它顯示了在城市化過程中,城鄉關係是複雜且多面向的。研究發現,九大隊在改革開放前期,和中國大部分農村一樣,受到政治運動影響較大,人民公社、大躍進都讓九大隊陷入貧困。但1980年代改革開放以後,九大隊依託其自身區位優勢和良好自然環境,在滿足基本生活需求的基礎上,進行鄉鎮企業的發展,同時搭載蘇州大市區發展的契機,開啟「蘇南模式」,甚至成為了吸引周圍貧困人口的落腳村莊。在某種意義上,九大隊已經不是傳統的農村,而是具生產、生活于一體的小小都市,但在戶籍上仍屬於農村。直到九大隊的正式拆除,安置到七里廟,九大隊才在空間和戶籍上真正成為市區的一部分。 本文從飲食實作與認同的關係進行研究,通過考察飲食地景、飲食實作等在遷徙前後的改變,去呈現脫離村落後居民生活的變與不變。這個過程中伴隨著土地的獲得與失去,耕種作物的自給自足,轉變為仰賴市場與超市採買食物的生活樣態他們的節慶、祭祀等非日常飲食過程並沒有因為遷徙而消失,雖然程序精簡了和空間變小了,但仍然持續著,只是在不同性別和世代之間維持與調試的程度存在差異。 最後本文通過探究飲食實作與社會關係的關聯去確認食物與認同的關係,為中國的拆遷安置研究提供一個細緻的切面,同時探討城市過過程中,關係網絡是如何因應飲食實作的變化而變化,包括城鄉關係,家庭與社區的關係。 城市化過程並非只是村民變為市民,更是生活的重新安放。人們通過耕種食物和土地發生連接,又通過食物和家庭成員、村落發生互動。飲食實作在社會交往中扮演著重要角色,成為社會關係調適的新場域。 飲食實作的變遷也是關係的再組,在拆遷後,人和土地的關係已經發生了改變,但村落的人依然努力種菜,維持原本的習慣。這樣的延續性有別於西方中產階級都市農園的賦閒。村民們搬去都市後始終種菜並不止是為了種菜本身,更是以菜為媒介,串聯起家戶內部,以及家戶之外的社區情感,同時人們也以種菜,緩解他們對過去生活的思念。

關鍵字

飲食實作 城市化 遷徙 調適

並列摘要


Countryside in China is quickly changing to cities. The study explores the changes of human and space, farmers turning into citizens, countryside turning into the city, from the angle of the food-way. During this transformation, food-way plays a vital role in adapting social relationships before and after the community relocation, which further represents the statement of adaptation when people at different ages or generations facing changes that happen in daily life. The most daily diet implies the maintenance and the changes of human identity. The study examines the changes throughout the community relocation in the village called JiuDaDui which located in Suzhou, south part of China. First of all, the study looks back on the history of JiuDaDui to confirm the peculiarity where is economically well-developed and close to the city. It implies that the region is countryside in terms of the household registration system. However, its relationship with the city brings more cooperation rather than conflicts. The residents there could attain the job for a living, without bearing the high housing cost and intense pace in a city. Then the study shows the food-way of the three stages: before demolition, living in the temporary apartment and move to new home, on the basis of personal interviewing, participle observation, and field research around the village. The process contains the receivement and loses of land, be self-supporting and self-sufficient by farming changing to buying food dependent on market and supermarket during the transformation from the establishment to demolition. Meanwhile, the thesis also demonstrates the differences and tension between the forces of city and countryside by documenting the adjustments of social relationship network and food-way during the demolition and relocation. In view of the family food-way, social relationship and family relationship, the article organizes ideas that local people maintain origin life habits by growing vegetables and adapt to migration and life changes by sharing food so that it supplies the literature of urban and country migration and urbanization which focus on the aspects of politics and economy, culture lacing of discussing daily life. The case occurs in wealthy place, which is in the south part of China, experiencing the rapid urbanization, also it shows multiple aspects of food-way and identity during urbanization. The research finds out that JiuDaDui suffers as much as many other Chinese villages from the political movements such as the People’s Commune and the Great Leap. However, soon after the Reform and Openness, JiuDaDui develop township enterprises apart from fulfilling the basic living requirements, together with taking the opportunity of the Greater Suzhou District policy, making itself as the attraction spot for the poor nearby. To some extent, JiuDaDui is no longer a traditional country, but a mini city with productivity and living besides the literally country residency. In fact, JiuDaDui has not become a part of the urban, both on space and residency, until its relocation to QiLiMiao. Meanwhile, the survey of the food-way, landscape and the changes of the community indicates that their non-daily food-way inside celebration and sacrifice still held throughout the relocation. Although simplifying the rite and space, the food-way lasts and adapts with the variation of different gender and generation. Furthermore, to explore how farmers at different ages or generations turn into citizen and how they adapt to this process, the thesis examines the variations of daily food-way and the non-daily one throughout the community relocation. In conclusion, the thesis aims at confirming the close ties between food studies and identity, by exploring the connection among food-way social relationship and identity in this village. Meanwhile, the thesis intends to provide a microwave aspect for demolition and relocation study in China by elaborating the relationship network about how food-way grows, including the relationship between the urban and rural, family and community. The process of urbanization is not just farmers turning into citizens, but also the renewal of life. People develop the relationship with food and land by farming and producing interaction with family and village via food. Food-way plays an important role of social interaction and becomes the new field of adjustment of social relationships. The changes of food-way are also a process of spatial recognition and restructure of relationship. After demolition, the relationship between human and land has been changed. But village people still work hard to grow vegetables as main of original habits. The continuity is different from doing nothing but urban farm among the western middle class. Village people grow vegetables is far from the growing itself but also make the vegetables as the intermediary to link up the inner family and community emotion. What’s more, people grow vegetables to alleviate the miss of their former lives.

並列關鍵字

food-way urbanization relocation adaptation

參考文獻


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