社區的基礎設施化—新北市新店區花園新城供水爭議

本研究嘗試結合政治生態學、基礎設施研究和行動者網絡理論等觀點的啟發，針對山坡地供水系統建置中的相關人類和非人行動者，考察其位移、部署，以及從隱身到現形的過程。但相較於行動者網絡僅強調網絡中不同行動者的相互鍵結，以及其實作存有論立場輕忽制度或結構面的侷限，作者還關心土地產權、供水治理體制和外部形勢等，如何塑造和影響了供水體系的發展。再者，作者也主張住宅社區必須要有各種基礎設施的配置方能成為合適的生活環境，缺乏基礎設施將使得住宅環境有所匱缺，並可能激發爭取基礎設施的集體行動。作者提出社區的基礎設施化概念，這既指涉社區生活必須有基礎設施支持，也意味了社區本身成為基礎設施之營造和維護的一環。最後，在政治生態學觀點下，山坡地住宅開發凸顯了人類聚落營造和自然改造之間的緊密關係。住居乃涉及了社會－自然關係的重組，而供水也牽涉了在基礎設施中介下的自然物轉化，從原水變成自來水。為了深化前述觀點，本研究選擇新北市新店區花園新城做為田野研究對象。花園新城的開發始自1970年代，為臺灣第一座大規模密集門禁社區，曾風華一時，帶動臺灣北部地區山坡地開發熱潮。但由於區域土地空間治理斷裂的結構性因素，加以建設公司因運營不善而難以有效管理社區事務，導致社區環境問題叢生，尤以日常用水為急迫課題。作者採取質性研究方法，通過次級資料搜集與分析，並訪談社區居民、供水爭議相關人士、地方行政組織人員，以及建設公司等多方行動者，勾勒出社區水資源供應系統爭議和轉變的始末。作者探討了花園新城供水設施的運作與社區發展中的多重力量動態，如何形成從簡易自來水系統到正式自來水系統的供水模式轉換。社區內部行動者的意識整合與轉變，則捲動了外部政治資源力量以打破社區疆界，並透過特定論述與修辭的宣揚，形成適宜的策略，建構出新的供水體系。花園新城的供水爭議和基礎設施轉變，體現了居住環境的維持乃牽涉了自然的轉換改造與社會－自然關係重組、基礎設施的配置部署、土地產權、供水權利意識、社區組織動員，以及官方相關治理機制的捲動，實為極其複雜的權力施展與權利劃界過程。

關鍵字

高地供水；社區；花園新城；基礎設施化

並列摘要

spurred the power of external political resources to break the boundaries of the community, and through the specific discussion and rhetoric propaganda, form appropriate strategies and construct a new water supply system. The water supply disputes and infrastructure changes in Garden New Town reflect the maintenance of the living environment, which involves the transformation of nature and the restructuring of social-natural relations, the deployment of infrastructure, land property rights, water supply rights awareness, community organization mobilization, and the scrolling of the governance mechanism is an extremely complicated process of power exertion and demarcation of rights. In order to deepen the above viewpoints, this study selected Garden New City, Xindian District, New Taipei City as the field of my research. The development of Garden New Town began in the 1970s and was the first large-scale gated community in Taiwan. It was once a time to promote the development of hillsides in northern Taiwan. However, due to the structural factors of the regional land governance problems, it is difficult to effectively manage community affairs due to bad management of the construction company, which leads to community environmental problems, especially the lack of daily water use as an urgent issue. I adopt a qualitative research method, through the collection and analysis of secondary data, and interviews with community residents, to make a deinvestigation and study over water disputes, local administrative organizations, and construction companies, finally, to outline the disputes and changes in the community water supply system. I explore the multiple power dynamics in the operation of the Garden New Town water supply facility and community development, and how it works to form a water supply model transition from a simple water system to a formal water system. The integration and transformation of the consciousness of the internal actors in the community has spurred the power of external political resources to break the boundaries of the community, and through the specific discussion and rhetoric propaganda, form appropriate strategies and construct a new water supply system. The water supply disputes and infrastructure changes in Garden New Town reflect the maintenance of the living environment, which involves the transformation of nature and the restructuring of social-natural relations, the deployment of infrastructure, land property rights, water supply rights awareness, community organization mobilization, and the scrolling of the governance mechanism is an extremely complicated process of power exertion and demarcation of rights.