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  • 學位論文

非對稱開口鋼筋混凝土牆補強之試驗研究與分析

Experimental and Analytical Study on Retrofit of Buildings by Adding Reinforced Concrete Walls with Asymmetric Openings

指導教授 : 鍾立來

摘要


西元1999年集集地震與近年來之大地震,反映出臺灣既有公共建築物與民用住宅耐震能力不足之問題,各方學者對此提出耐震補強工法,其中RC牆補強為一種常見工法,此工法可以大幅提升結構耐震強度,但難以滿足使用者對於通風採光與動線的需求,有鑑於此,本研究提出開口RC牆補強工法之試驗研究,期望透過試驗結果,探討開口RC牆補強工法之耐震能力。接續103年度與104年度國家地震中心開口牆補強研究,由於前期試驗之補強試體皆以對稱開口為主,考量既有建築物對於採光與動線的要求,因此非對稱開口之補強牆體具有實務上的需求,但目前國內外鮮有此類型之研究,故本試驗研究主要探討開門位置對於開口RC牆補強之耐震性能影響,並提供工程師一套完整設計與施工流程,使工程師能依據業主需求,設計出兼具耐震性能與友善使用者之補強牆體。本研究提出三組非對稱開口之補強試體,考慮不同之開門位置、以及同時開窗且開門的需求,並以淨跨度420公分、淨高度300公分之空構架為補強對象,於國家地震工程研究中心實驗室進行反覆側推試驗。 本期試驗結果顯示,非對稱之開門補強試體至少提升整體構架約8.9倍之側力強度,勁度則至少提升65倍,而對照之對稱開門補強試體則提升約8.2倍之側力強度與34倍之勁度,可見非對稱開口之補強方案亦為有效且可早期參與結構地震力分配,且於試體喪失垂直承載能力之前,層間變位角均可達2 %。本研究亦引用國家地震中心出版之校舍補強手冊第三版,評估各期補強試體,發現對於高寬比較小之牆墩評估強度有不保守疑慮,因此本研究提出改良的分析方法與非線性鉸模型,供業界與學界參考。

並列摘要


Significant earthquakes happened in recent years, such as Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999, reflected insufficient seismic capacity of many public and residential buildings. Therefore, there are many retrofit solutions proposed, and retrofit method of adding reinforced-concrete walls (RC walls) was commonly adopted by engineers. Although retrofit method of adding RC walls provides high lateral strength and stiffness, this method results in lack of lighting and ventilation and also affects the interior route of the building. Hence, National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in Taiwan planned the retrofit method of adding RC walls with openings. The research in previous years from 2014 to 2015 focused on retrofit of adding RC walls with symmetric openings. However, retrofit method of adding RC walls with asymmetric openings is needed for engineers and building users, and there is little domestic and foreign experimental research on this method. This research focused on the influence of asymmetric-opening RC walls on seismic capacity, and it allowed engineers to design a retrofitting RC wall to fulfill clients' requirement and seismic demand. Three retrofitted specimens with asymmetric openings were planned. These specimens included different locations of openings and a retrofitting wall with a window and/or a door. They were designed to retrofit an existing bare frame with a net span of 420cm and net height of 300cm. Pushover tests of these specimens were performed in NCREE. Experimental results showed that the asymmetric-opening specimens enhanced to about 8.9 times of lateral strength, and at least 65 times of stiffness of the bare frame; the symmetric-opening specimen enhanced to about 8.2 times of lateral strength and 34 times of stiffness of the bare frame. This research verified that the retrofit method of adding RC walls with asymmetric openings is feasible and effective, and these retrofitted frames were able to participate in early earthquake force distribution. Drift ratio of all retrofitted specimens could go up to 2%. This research used Technology Handbook for Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of School Buildings, Third Edition, published by NCREE to evaluate the seismic performance of 9 retrofitted specimens. The analytical method introduced by the handbook may overestimate lateral strength of certain specimens with wall piers of low height-width ratio. Therefore, an improved method and plastic-hinge models were proposed as reference for engineers and researchers.

參考文獻


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