蝴蝶蘭植株耐寒性之快速檢測與耐寒性提升

The quick monitor of chilling tolerance and to increase chilling tolerance for Phalaenopsis spp.

張君豪(Chun – Hao Chang)

指導教授 ： 張喜寧

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝學研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2006.01719

摘要

蝴蝶蘭是台灣重要的外銷花卉，當冬季寒流來襲時，造成蝴蝶蘭生理及形態上不良之影響。本研究目的為提供耐寒性蝴蝶蘭之快速檢測方法，進行耐寒性指標之評估，並探討植物生長物質之施用及生物防治提高耐寒性之可行性。
探討在蝴蝶蘭耐寒性之快速檢測方法，分別將具耐寒性之‘台灣阿嬤’(Phalaenopsis. amabilis v. Formosa ‘Giant’)、‘滿天紅’(Doritaenopsis. ‘Queen Beer’)及不具耐寒性之‘綠花紅心’(Phalaenopsis. Fortune Saltzman ‘Maple Bridge’)與‘黃花’(Phalaenopsis.. Salu Spot‘#5’)以低溫處理(7℃)七天，測量其PSII光化學效率值（PSII photochemical efficiency, Fv/Fm）、測量電解質滲漏(electrolyte leakage, EC)與葉綠素含量(SPAD)，Fv/Fm測量結果以‘台灣阿嬤’下降的程度最少約10%，其次為‘滿天紅’約降低約20%、‘黃花’約50%，以‘綠花紅心’下降最多約65%；EC測量結果，以‘台灣阿嬤’上升的程度最少約15%，其次為‘滿天紅’增加了約21%、‘黃花’25%，以‘綠花紅心’大幅增加了80%上升最多；SPAD並無一致的變化趨勢，不過最後一天仍以‘綠花紅心’降到最低。由此可知‘台灣阿嬤’耐寒程度最高，其次為‘滿天紅’、‘黃花’，以‘綠花紅心’最低，顯示與這四種蘭花之實際耐寒性相符。結果顯示葉綠素螢光與電解質滲漏皆為合理、可靠之耐寒性指標，其中以葉綠素螢光相關性最高，其次為電解質滲漏。
提高耐寒性之研究結果顯示，於葉面噴施蕓苔素內酯（Brassinosteroids, BRs）、水楊酸(salicylic acid, SA)與接種蘭菌(R01、R02、R04)可減緩‘綠花紅心’Fv/Fm值的下降，並減少EC值的升高與MDA的含量，並提升抗氧化酵素的活性，超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、過氧化酶（peroxidase, POD）及過氧化氫酶（catalase , CATs）的活性。噴施OHYA-10號與接種木黴菌植株仍會產生嚴重寒害徵狀，效果較差。

關鍵字

蝴蝶蘭 ； 寒害 ； 植物生長物質

並列摘要

Phalaenopsis spp. is an important export flower in Taiwan. Low temperature in winter is harmful on physiological and morphological growth of Phal. spp.. The objectives of this study were to look for the indexes of chilling tolerance, to select the chilling tolerant Phal. species with quick monitoring method and to research effects of plant growth substance (PGS) and biological control on chilling tolerance of three species of Phal. spp. and one Doritaenopsis sp..
In the experiments of setting up the quick monitoring methods of chilling tolerance of three species of Phal. spp. and one Dtps. sp. were treated with 7℃ low temperature for seven days. Three species of Phal. spp. included both Phal. amabilis v. Formosa ‘Giant’、Phal. Fortune Saltzman ‘Maple Bridge’and Phal. Salu Spot‘#5’. One Dtps. sp. was Dtps. ‘Queen Beer’. PSII photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）, electrolyte leakage(EC) and chlorophyll meter reading(SPAD) values were measured for evaluating the indexes of chilling tolerance. Results showed that the Fv/Fm of Phal. amabilis v. Formosa decreased about 10% less than other species, followed by Dtps. ‘Queen Beer’ about 20%, Phal. Salu Spot‘#5’ about 50% and Phal. Fortune Saltzman ‘Maple Bridge’ about 65%. The EC of Phal. amabilis v. Formosa increased about 15%, followed by Dtps. ‘Queen Beer’ about 21%, Phal. Salu Spot‘#5’ about 25% and Phal. Fortune Saltzman ‘Maple Bridge’ about 80%. The changes of SPAD were not identical. But Phal. Fortune Saltzman ‘Maple Bridge’ was the lowest in last day. According to the results, Phal. amabilis v. Formosa had the best chilling tolerance, followed by Dtps. ‘Queen Beer’, Phal. Salu Spot‘#5’ and Phal. Fortune Saltzman ‘Maple Bridge’ had the least chilling tolerance. The results were identical the chilling tolerance ability of these four orchids. The result showed that Fv/Fm and EC value were reliable index to predict the chilling tolerance of orchids.
To study the effect of plant growth substances(PGS) and biological control on chilling tolerance, 24-Epibrassinolide and Salicylic acid were applied to the leaves of orchids. Also orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) were inoculated to the roots. The result showed that application of PGS and inoculation of OMF could slow down the decrease of Fv/Fm in Phal. Fortune Saltzman ‘Maple Bridge’, also slow down the increase of EC and MDA content, and increased activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase（POD）and catalase(CATs). But the application of OHYA-10 and inoculation of trichoderma spp.(T4,T5)still showed severe chilling injury of this orchids.

並列關鍵字

Phalaenopsis ； chilling injury ； plant growth substance

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