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多站點國道客運之動態排班規劃

The Dynamic Scheduling of Multi-Stop Freeway Bus

指導教授 : 張學孔
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摘要


由於高快速道路路網的發展以及鄰近高速公路交流道的新市鎮的開發,使得利用國道客運通勤的旅次日益增加。有許多國道客運路線在進入高快速公路前的一般道路設有站點提供旅客上下車,但依法規規定高快速道路上客運不得站立乘客,因此在尖峰時間接近高快速道路的站點,旅客常因班車客滿而必須等候下一班次,甚至須等候兩班次以上才有空位上車,影響服務品質。為克服此一問題,長途的國道客運業者若能應用預約系統掌握旅客需求,可讓旅客提前得知上車的班次及時間,將可增加營運效率和服務品質。本研究先以逐點流體基礎近似方法建構符合上述情境的動態等候時空網路,再利用數學規劃法結合動態等候時空網路建構排班模式,並加入預約系統之考量,由此模式尋找在最小化系統總成本目標之下每個時段的最適營運班距決策。而排班問題屬於NP-Hard,難以在合理時間內求得最佳解,故本研究利用基因演算法求解。本研究針對「預約系統未運作模式」與「預約系統運作模式」進行實例分析,同時將求解結果與現行班表之績效進行比較,評估並驗證所建模式的效益。研究中並針對每班次行駛成本、旅客等候時間價值,以及旅客需求量的變動等重要參數進行敏感度分析。研究成果可以做為國道客運營運與服務改善之決策參考。

並列摘要


Due to the expansion of the freeway network and development of new towns near the interchanges, more residents commute by the freeway bus. Many freeway bus routes have some stops on urban streets connecting to the freeway. Because of the law restrictions, the passengers cannot stand on the bus when riding on the freeway bus. Therefore, the bus seats have usually sold out in those stops near the interchange and let the passengers wait for next bus during the peak period. To deal with this freeway bus service problem, the reservation system, which being used in rail and long range bus, could provide better operation and then reduce the passengers’ waiting time. This study aims to develop the dynamic time and space network model based on the Point-Wise Fluid-Base Approximation and optimization programming method. The decision variable of service frequency is solved and obtained with the objective of minimum total cost, which include operator cost and user wait cost. Scheduling problem is a NP-Hard problem and difficult to find the optimal solution within a reasonable time. This study will be solved by genetic algorithm. The study also conducted a comparison on performances for the existing operation scheme and the operation schedule obtained from the model. Sensitivity analysis has also been conducted for important parameters, including operator cost, value of waiting time and quantity of passengers. It is recognized that the models developed can help of designing the service for freeway bus with stops on local streets.

參考文獻


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