日治時期台灣游泳運動史之研究

A Study of Taiwan’s History of Swimming during the Japanese Colonial Period

鄭人豪(Jen-Hao Cheng)

指導教授 ： 蔡錦堂

淡江大學/文學院/歷史學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2009.00965

摘要

游泳是隨著人類活動發展的生存技術，當台灣進入日本殖民統治後，帶來的不只是統治政權轉換，西方「近代化」的概念和制度也被置入，近代運動便隨著日人的需要和習慣立基於台，台灣的游泳也由身體技術轉變成運動的層次。日治初期，藉由日人在社會上成立運動組織，以及設立「水泳場」游泳設施，近代游泳運動模式的「有序」方為日人開始在台發展。
在經過一段醞釀發展後，至1923年台灣體育協會水泳部成立，它使得台灣游泳運動界正式具有統籌組織、全台賽事化等近代運動的特色，配合1926年台北市營東門游泳池的建立，台灣被納入日本「競技游泳賽制」中的一員。另一方面，隨著台灣社會的游泳運動發展，學校體育課程中的游泳教育也開始逐漸被確立，被劃為應以教授的規定中，分別在1922年被納入初等教育，1927年以及1931年被納入中等教育的規定中。並且，此時也是學校游泳社團以及大規模的學生游泳比賽開始產生的時期，各校學生不分男女皆為校譽奮力參賽。然而，在戰爭開始後，趨漸興盛的游泳運動風氣隨著戰爭情勢，開始向國策靠攏，在國家整體動員的戰爭協力要求下，游泳減少了競技運動的性格，回溯到強調其健身、求生技術的機能。
在整個日治時期台灣游泳運動發展的歷程中，關於台人的游泳運動態度，本文大致歸納出台人有休閒與競技這兩種不同性質的游泳運動表現。由於家庭、經濟等各種因素加上台人傳統觀念的影響，導致台人在游泳運動的參與上產生特殊性，可以說日治時期台灣的游泳運動如同殖民統治一般，一直是在日人的掌握下進行著，並且在政權的運作下，台人在教育機關中接觸了游泳運動，但台人並未因此模仿進而發展出擁有自我特色的游泳運動，只能如同日人穿著游泳衣或是丁字褲在日人設立的游泳設施，遵從日人的規定而運動著，一同享受近代化游泳運動的益處。

關鍵字

游泳 ； 運動 ； 日治時期 ； 台灣

並列摘要

Swimming is a kind of survival technique developed along with human recreational and exercise activities. When Taiwan was under Japanese colonial rule, not only was the ruling regime changed, but the Western concepts and modernization process were also introduced to Taiwan. Thus, modern sports became ingrained in Taiwan as a result of Japanese requirements and habits, which advanced Taiwan’s swimming from mere physical activity to a sports level. In the early stage of the Japanese colonial period, the “ordered” modern swimming sports model was a prelude to the Japanese orchestrated swimming development in Taiwan, through the establishment of sports organizations, and the installation of swimming pool facilities.
Following a period of preliminary development, Taiwan Sports Association finally set up a swimming division in 1923, which officially equipped Taiwan’s swimming sports sector with the necessary competence to organize and coordinate sports events featuring the modern sports spirit. In conjunction with the establishment of Dongmen Swimming pool by Taipei Municipal Government in 1926, Taiwan had been included as a member of the Japanese “athletic swimming championship system”. On the other hand, as the sport of swimming had been developed in Taiwan society, physical education in schools had therefore taken shape and was included in primary education in 1922, and in secondary education in 1927 and 1931 respectively as a regular course.
At that time, school swimming clubs and large scale swimming competitions had sprouted; both male and female students had spared no effort trying to win competitions for their schools. Nevertheless, after the war broke out, the increasingly popular swimming began to follow national policies which switched with the change of the war. Due to the request for national mobilization in order to support the war effort, the competitive character of swimming was wearing off, and instead, the function of fitness and survival techniques were emphasized.
In terms of Taiwan’s attitude towards swimming in the course of Taiwan’s swimming development during the Japanese colonial period, this study roughly divides it into recreation and competition sports. Due to family and economic factors plus Taiwan’s traditional views of swimming, a particular complex for Taiwanese participation in swimming sports had been developed. In other words, Taiwan’s swimming sports during the Japanese colonial period had proceeded under the influence of the Japanese; ruled by the Japanese regime, Taiwan approached swimming sports via education. However, they did not develop them further into their own distinctive sports. All they could do was to wear the swim suit or the T-shaped pants as the Japanese did at the swimming pool built by the Japanese, follow the sports rules regulated by the Japanese, and enjoy the benefits of modern swimming sports along with the Japanese.

並列關鍵字

Swimming ； Modern Sports ； Japanese Occupied Period ； Taiwan

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