工作場所健康風險評估實證研究

Health Risk Act Assessment in Working Places.

沈姍蓉(Shan-Rong Shen)

指導教授 ： 李文亮

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/職業安全衛生學系碩士班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

1.因應職安法修正之化學品物質管理及監督機制探討

為評估我國職業安全衛生法修訂與執行前可能造成的衝擊與準備，本研究以蒐集和分析主要領先國家相關化學品管理機制之作法，並考量我國擬執行法規制度，顯示我國在執行化學品管控機制與國際間之接軌良好。
為了解職安法修法後，對產業及檢察機構之衝擊，以結構式問卷設計對政府檢察人員和產業進行調查，將所得結果量化得知各層面困難程度，結果顯示因應職安法執行，產業和檢查急需輔導項目如下(1)產業界機構檢查人員均急需須風險分級管理之相關化學品管理指引，製造或輸入新化學品的評估報告認知訓練；(2)管制性化學品及優先管理化學品的運作管理和許可檢查、監督之標準程序。(3)建立危害性化學品登錄資訊之運用訓練，更可提供篩選高風險工作場所，作為監督檢查優先之決策參考。
此外，亟待藉由國家化學雲資訊系統，迅速取得事業單位使用化學物質詳細資訊，可提升業界管理能力，落實管理工作。需建立專業輔導諮詢及必要之監督查核機制，並有統一之執法標準，建議規劃實施產業分級或分組執行管理；分享同業經驗，未來工作則建議規劃檢查人員與產業執行教育訓練教材。

2.職場久站工作者足部疼痛原因之改善研究分析-以高科技職場為例

近年來，產業界作業仍需要大量的人力資源，由於空間與廠區特性，作業人員容易導致肌肉骨骼不適，身體不易排汗與散熱，作業人員大部分的時間皆為重複性作業與站立走動之狀態，長時間工作造成人員容易疲勞或累積性肌肉骨骼傷病，雖然不會造成生命危險，但卻有可能會降低工作效率及影響生活品質。
本研究目的是探討職場久站工作者足部疼痛原因及改善研究分析，以某科技廠作業人員因久站工作型態之疼痛狀況進行初探，測試以提供有久站不適問題的員工穿著無塵室專用工業防護鞋墊，在使用前後填寫主觀自覺量表，一週做一次追蹤評估，到第四週開始一個月追蹤評估一次，共評估二十週。
研究結果資料顯示，長時間站立與肌肉骨骼不適程度有直接相關性，而身體各部分以「右肩」「頸」「左肩」最為嚴重，經過穿著防護性鞋墊後，第一週即有明顯改善，不適感下降了5-10%，經過20週觀察統計後，數據顯示受測者身體各部位狀態已改善許多；且站立時間越長，所引起疼痛程度的增加，不論在防護性鞋墊介入前後皆有明顯的顯著性(p<0.001)。根據電子壓力板量測足底壓力數據顯示，發現直型腿對於任何足型與扁平足對於任何腿型、足墊介入後是比較容易適應的，且不同足弓或不同腿型對於足墊介入是有一定的幫助的。
這些研究結果可以幫助久站工作者維持姿勢穩定性，且了解工業防護鞋墊介入後差異，所得資料統計分析數據，可用於工業防護鞋墊減輕疼痛與疲勞之探討，並做為鞋墊材料特性改良之依據。

關鍵字

職業安全衛生法 ； 化學品管理機制 ； 風險分級管理 ； 防護鞋墊 ； 疼痛與疲勞的指數 ； 鞋墊材料特性 ； 長時間站立.

並列摘要

1.The Impact of Occupational Safety and Health Act Amendment to the Chemical Management and Supervision.

To assess the impact and preparation of Occupational Safety and Health Act before the revision and implementation may have caused this study to collect and analyze the leading practices relevant in other countries of national chemicals management mechanism, and consider our country to be implemented laws and regulations to show our country integration into international in the implementation of chemicals management control mechanism.
Order to understand Occupational Safety Act revised, on the impact of industry and prosecutorial institutions, structured questionnaire designed for government prosecutors and industrial investigations, the results obtained to quantify that at all levels of difficulty, showed that in response to the Occupational Safety and Law Enforcement, Industry and check in urgent need of mentoring programs as follows (1) industry agency inspectors are in urgent need to be related to chemicals management guidelines for risk classification management, manufacturing or enter a new chemicals assessment report cognitive training; (2) regulatory chemicals and priority management chemical operations management products and licensing inspection, supervision of the standard procedure. (3) Establishing the use of hazardous chemicals and training of login information, but also provide screening high-risk workplaces, supervision and inspection as priority of decision-making.
In addition, the urgent need by the National Chemical Information Systems cloud, quick access to detailed information and institutions to use chemicals that can enhance the management capacity of the industry to implement management. Should be established professional counseling and supervision necessary checking mechanisms and uniform enforcement of the standards, recommendations, planning and implementation of industrial grade or group executive management; to share with the industry experience, it is recommended that future work planning inspectors and industrial implementation of education and training materials.

2.The Cause of Foot Pain of Long Standing Worker：Analysis and Improvement

Recently year, industry still need a large amount of human resources, because of the characteristic of working space and factory building , workers have a tendency to suffer from myalgia, In addition, they may have difficulty perspiring and dissipating excess heat from body. Owing to workers spend most of time doing their job again and again and long standing, they may constantly feel exhausted or suffer from muscle fatigue. Although these problem won’t be life-threatening, it might lower their working performance and affect their quality of life.
The purpose of this study is analysis why long-standing workers have foot-pain, in addition, we want to improve our analysis. At first we tried to analysis the workers’ pain resulted form long standing. In order to finish our test, we provided them with industry protective insoles and gave them Borges Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. At first they are required to finish this once a week and until the fourth week they are followed by once a month. All of these took about five months .We hope to compare the result before they wear industry protective insoles with the result after them using the industry protective insoles.
After during 20 weeks’ observation, the results show that the test’s participant have improved a lot. The degree of pain resulting from long-standing increased with days.The data about pain of workers whether they wear industry protective insoles or not have a significant differences (p< 0.001). According to pressure plate data, low food had obviously difficulty in adoption no matter what kind of leg type after wearing insole, however, less pressure relieving of high arch foot after wearing insole were noted.
These results can help long-standing workers maintain their posture more easily.What’s more, it can let us know the differences of the results before and after workers wear industry protective insoles. All of the records we get from this study can be used to analysis the effect of industry protective insoles on alleviating fatigue and pain, in addition, we can improve our material of industry protective insoles by using these data.

並列關鍵字

Occupational Safety and Health Act ； Chemicals management mechanism ； Classified Risk management ； protective insole ； pain and fatigue index ； material properties of the insole ； Long-time standing.

參考文獻

因應職安法修正之化學品物質管理及監督機制探討

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