社區大學學員創業意圖之研究─以臺北市大安社區大學為例

A Study of the Community College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions—A Case Study of Daan Community College in Taipei City

彭啟瑛(Chi-ing Peng)

指導教授 ： 張仁家

國立臺北科技大學/人文與社會科學學院/技術及職業教育研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

論文名稱：社區大學學員創業意圖之研究
─以臺北市大安社區大學為例 頁數：121
校所別：國立臺北科技大學技術及職業教育研究所
畢業時間：九十九學年度第二學期 學位：碩士
研究生：彭啟瑛 . 指導教授：張仁家博士
關鍵詞：社區大學、計畫行為理論、創業意圖、創業自我效能

自1998年第一所社區大學成立以來，目前國內已有102所社區大學，遍布在台灣北、中、南、東各個區域。課程多樣繽紛，學員人數也日益增加，帶動了終身學習的風潮，也活化了成人教育的樣貌。十多年來，國內有關社區大學的相關研究已可說是卷帙浩繁，斐然可觀。近年來失業率居高難下，自行創業容或可視為降低失業率的有效途徑，因而啟發了本研究之動機。本研究採用Ajzen(2002)所提之計畫行為理論為基礎，佐以Wilson, Kickul 和Marlino(2007)所發展之創業自我效能量表，探討台北市大安社區大學學員之不同背景變項對其創業態度、創業主觀規範、創業自我效能及創業意圖是否有顯著差異；同時探討台北市大安社區大學學員其創業態度、創業主觀規範、創業自我效能對於創業意圖之相關情形。冀望在了解社大學員背景變項的屬性後，對日後社區大學課程的開設與招生宣傳上作成一些建議。本研究之研究工具為「臺北市大安社區大學學員創業意圖調查問卷」，以臺北市大安社區大學4290位學員為研究對象，採比例抽樣法，共計發出1069份問卷，回收901份問卷，其中60份無效問卷，有效問卷841份，回收率為84.3％。透過統計套裝軟體SPSS19.0以描述性統計、因素分析、次數分配、平均數、標準差、單一樣本t考驗、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析（one-wayANOVA）、Pearson積差相關、多元迴歸分析。資料經處理分析後，獲得以下結論。
一、男性之創業主觀規範、創業自我效能較女性為佳。
二、學歷為高中職(含)以下之學員對於創業態度、創業主觀規範、創業意圖較學歷為大專者為佳。
三、職業為餐飲業之學員其創業態度與創業意圖較退休人員與家庭主婦為佳。
四、進修動機為創業之學員其創業態度、創業主觀規範、創業自我效能、創業意圖較進修動機為打發時間或增長知識者為佳。
五、有五年創業經驗者其創業主觀規範與創業自我效能較無創業經驗之學員為佳
六、透過實體通路或網路與實體兼具進行創業之學員其創業態度與創業自我效能較純以網路創業學員為佳。
基於以上結論，本研究作成的建議如下：
一、未來社區大學可增加開設引起男性創業興趣之相關課程，以激發男性具備的創業優勢。
二、未來社區大學在招生宣傳上可著力於鼓勵中、低學歷之社會人士修習與創業相關的課程，藉以使學員透過修課穩固其創業利基。
三、未來社區大學可增加開設餐飲創業的相關課程，以符應目前身處餐飲業學員之需求。
四、在後續研究上，(一)可致力於研究開設哪些社區大學課程，對於學員之創業態度、創業主觀規範、創業自我效能與創業意圖能有所促進。(二)可致力於研究不同背景變項對於社區大學學員創業態度、創業主觀規範、創業自我效能與創業意圖造成差異之原因。

關鍵字

社區大學 ； 計畫行為理論 ； 創業意圖 ； 創業自我效能

並列摘要

Title: A Study of the Community College.Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions
—A case study of Daan Community College, Taipei City
Page：121
School: National Taipei University of Technology
Department: Institute of Technology and Vocational Education
Time: July,2011 Degree: Master
Researcher: Chi-Ing, Peng Advisor: Jen-Chia, Chang
Keywords: community college; theory of planned behavior;
entrepreneurial intentions; entrepreneurial self-efficacy
Since the establishment of the first community college in 1998, Taiwan currently has 102 community colleges throughout the northern, central, southern and eastern region of the island. Colorful and diverse curriculum, also increasing the number of students, led the wave of life-long learning; adult education is also a kind of activation phase. More than a decade, the domestic research on community college can be said to have been voluminous, striking considerable. Difficult in recent years with high unemployment rate, starting themselves a business can be considered as an effective way to reduce unemployment, which inspired the motivation of this study.
This study attempts to use Ajzen(2002) proposed “Theory of planned behavior” as analyzing method, combined with Wilson, Kickul and Marlino(2007) “Entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale” to study the significant differences of students’ background to their entrepreneurial attitudes, Subjective norm entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and Entrepreneurial intentions. In the meantime, investigate the influences of entrepreneurial attitudes, Subjective norm entrepreneurship, and Entrepreneurial self-efficacy on Entrepreneurial intentions.
After understanding the properties of the students, and hoping to make some recommendations concerning the future community college courses and enrollment information. The research tool is “questionnaire of entrepreneurial intention”, using the 4290 students of Daan community college as subject, using stratified random sampling method. A total of 1069 questionnaires were sent, with 841 questionnaires valid and 60 invalid. A total of 901 questionnaires returned. The response rate was 84.3％.
The application of Statistical software package SPSS19.0 through descriptive statistics, factor analysis, frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, t-test, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance （one-way ANOVA）, Pearson Product moment correlation, and Multiple regression analysis. To amalize the difference between respondents. After analysis of collected data, following conclusions presented.
1. Men. perform better entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective norms, as well as the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions than women.
2. Men with vocational senior high school or lower level of education perform better entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective norms, as well as the entrepreneurial self-efficacy than those with bachelor degree.
3. Men in occupation of catering business have better entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective norms, as well as the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions than those of retirees and housewives.
4. Students with the learning motivation of entrepreneurship perform better entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective norms, as well as the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions.
5. Students with 5-years business experience have better entrepreneurial attitude and subjective norms as well as the self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions than those without experience.
6. Students establish business through venture entity or venture entity with network perform better entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective norms, as well as the entrepreneurial self-efficacy than pure network.
Based on these conclusions, this study made the following recommendations:
1. Community colleges can increase courses related to men entrepreneurship to stimulate entrepreneurial men.
2. The propaganda of community college can be focused on encouraging lower education background persons. Provide entrepreneurship-related courses to enable students to enhance their inherent advantage.
3. The Community College can increase catering business related courses to enhance students’ entrepreneurial intentions.
4. The follow-up research can be(1) dedicate to the new courses for students’ and the entrepreneurial attitudes, subjective norm entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions can be promoted.
(2) dedicate to the reasons of different background variables influencing entrepreneurial attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions.

並列關鍵字

community college ； theory of planned behavior ； entrepreneurial intentions ； entrepreneurial self-efficacy

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