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  • 學位論文

清代至日治時期恆春城內空間變遷研究(1875-1945)

On the Spatial Transformation of the Walled City of Hengchun from 1875 to 1945

指導教授 : 邱博舜

摘要


恆春縣城是台灣清代晚期,因牡丹社事件而由國家出資興建而成的城牆城市。由於恆春設城的背景、目的與意義,與台灣其他清代城池有所不同,因此在城市的形制、特質、發展狀況等部份有很大的差距,因而造就了恆春城的特殊性。 早期關於恆春縣城的空間研究,主要以1988年出版的《屏東恆春古城調查研究與修護計畫》研究內容為主。基於文獻考證不足的情況下,恆春城的空間復原產生許多誤謬。本研究為了修正及彌補過去關於恆春城相關論述的錯誤與不足,透過大量的文獻、史料來進一步復原、探討恆春城在清代的樣貌,並更深入的建構恆春城在進入日治時期後的發展歷程。在種種因素的影響下,恆春城如何在清國與日本政府的手中持續發展,並同時保有清代城牆城市與現代化都市的特質,則是本研究的另一個主軸。 若依恆春城在清代至日治時期之間的發展狀況而言,可將之分為:城市創始期、城市建設期以及城市成熟期。城市創始期指清國統治力正式進入恆春地區的期間。由於設治築城過程相當急迫,而官方對於本區的自然環境條件未能提出有效解決方案,使清代的恆春城在宣示性的領土象徵意義上,高於實質統治意義。 日治時期初期即進入到了恆春城的城市建設期。日本政府以清國所建置的恆春城之城市輪廓為基礎,積極進行本城的建設與計畫。統治初期由於交通不便、資源稀少,日本官方不輕易更動、拆除原有清代建築與設施。因此本階段的重要官方建築,大部分仍沿用清代留下的漢式建築。而位於城市中心的統治空間,因新政府機關的設置,開始出現擴張的現象。隨著日本政府在本地主導的開發,恆春城首度成為恆春地區聚落人口數之冠。 大正中期以後,恆春城的發展開始進入城市成熟期。交通設施改善工事陸續完工,帶來大量的觀光人潮,刺激商業發展。恆春城在行政層級的升格,也帶動恆春城內的各項公共建設。這些刺激使恆春城的商業不再依賴官方人員的消費,並使恆春城逐漸邁向城市成熟期。然而人口密度的提高以及族群的聚集狀況,更加強化了恆春城在空間結構上的區域化分布。 歷經清國與日本的統治,恆春城的發展過程具備以下特質:官方主導力量強烈、城內空間呈現區域化分布、空間發展歷程特徵顯著等。其中官方主導特質,到日治晚期因交通的改善、觀光的發展而逐漸消失。後兩者直到今日,仍可從現存的城市紋理─街道系統分布狀況、都市計畫使用分區、建築型態與分布等特徵辨識出來。

並列摘要


The walled city of Hengchun was a city built by the Ching government’s capital as a result of the MuDan Incident. Owing to the background, purpose and signification of setting the walled city in Hengchun were different from the other walled cities in Taiwan, the form’ characteristics and development of cities were so different. The most important research of early studies about the walled city of Hengchun is “The Survey and Plans of the Conservation of on the Walled City of Hengchun in Pingtung” in 1988. Because of the insufficient records and literature, there are many faults about the space of the walled city of Hengchun. In order to correct and complete the faults and insufficiency of the studies about the walled city of Hengchun, this study restored further the space of the walled city of Hengchun in the Ching Dynasty era and furthermore constructed it’s process of development during the Japanese Governance of Taiwan by a good deal of records and literature. Besides, how the walled city of Hengchun developed between the Ching Dynasty and Japanese colonization period and kept the characteristics of the walled city and the modern city were other issues of this study. The process of development of the walled city of Hengchun between the Ching Dynasty and Japanese colonization period comprised tree phase: the beginning era, the developing era and the mature era of the city. The beginning era of the city means the time that Ching government reigned over Hengchun region officially. Due to the hurry of building the walled city and no effective official answers to the problems of natural environment here, the walled city of Hengchun was more like a symbolization of terrotery. When going to early Japanese colonization period, the walled city of Hengchun started the developing era. The Japan government based on the city in Ching Dynasty, and construct this city actively. In the beginning, the inconvenient communication and the insufficient resources make the Japan government keep using the official buildings and facilities. The space of governance in the center of the city was stating to expand with new government organization setting. The walled city of Hengchun became the largest village in the Hengchun region. After middle stage of Showa period, the development of the walled city of Hengchun started going to the mature era of the city. The improvement of communication brought a large number of tourists and stimulated the economic growth. Besides, the public construction was increasing with the level of administrative division rising. The above-mentioned catalytic made the commerce in the walled city of Hengchun not only depend on the consumption of officials. The rising density of population and the gathering groups intensified the division of space of the walled city of Hengchun. The characteristics of development of the walled city of Hengchun from the Ching Dynasty to Japanese colonization period included: strong leading power of government’ the space in the city displaying distinct distribution and obvious spatial transformation. Strong leading power of government was disappearing with the improvement of communication and the development of tourism. The other characteristics could be recognized by the system of streets’ urban planning and building type through to today.

參考文獻


2005〈恆春調民謠中的族群風貌〉《屏東文獻》9:18-37。
2002〈恆春地區農民在新作物引進方面對落山風的調適〉《屏東文獻》5:51-78。
內政部國土測繪中心
1998〈從民間奉祀看恆春地區開發的特質〉《輔仁歷史學報》9:274-259。
1991〈清代台灣「新竹城」城牆之興築〉《台灣社會研究季刊》3(2-3):183-212。

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