醫療保健服務業研究助理的工作特質、工作狀況、生活品質與心理健康

Job Contents, work status, Quality of Life and Mental Heath among Research Assistants in Health Care Industry

林淑娟(Shu-Chuan Lin)

指導教授 ： 李素幸

共同指導教授 ： 楊延光

長榮大學/健康科學學院/職業安全與衛生學系(所)/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6833/CJCU.2010.00147

摘要

本研究目的在瞭解醫學中心研究助理工作特質、工作狀況、生活品質與心理健康之現況與相關性。本研究以醫療保健業之研究助理為研究族群，以立意取樣3家醫學中心研究助理參與本研究，問卷共發出300份，有效問卷共回收155份，回收率52%。問卷採結構式設計，內容分為五大部分：1)個人特性：性別、年齡、教育程度、教育年數、婚姻狀況、抽菸、喝酒、運動；2)工作狀況：職務類別、雇用型態、環境、離職傾向；3)工作特質；4)生活品質；5)心理健康。資料之分析以SPSS v.15進行，研究結果顯示如下：
（一） 本研究發現研究助理主觀認為工作環境中最需改善的工作環境為通風、工作台設計及化學試劑使用三項；職務類別為混合型的助理雖然工作控制較高，但工作負荷也最高，且就業缺乏保障的感受較高，有接觸病人之助理社會支持不佳。有接動物實驗的研究助理工作控制較高；離職傾向高的研究助理在工作控制、主管社會支持、職場正義感覺與生活品質均較低，且心理健康也較差。
（二） 高中畢業的研究助理工作負荷最高；工作年資不到1年的研究助理職場正義最差；歸類於高壓力族群的研究助理，生活品質心理範疇最差，心理健康也最差，低壓型工作特質的助理生活品質最佳，心理健康也最佳。
（三） 工作特質中當工作控制越高生活品質越佳，工作特質中「主管社會支持」越好生活品質越好；工作特質中「同事社會支持」越好生活品質越好；工作特質中「就業缺乏保障」感受越強烈生活品質量越不好，精神疾病罹病傾向越高；工作特質中「職場正義」感覺良好生活品質較佳，生活品質越好精神疾病罹病傾向越低。
明顯的工作特質與生活品質及精神疾病罹病傾向有關，本研究發現有10%研究助理屬於高壓力族群，醫療機構工安部門應進一步瞭解研究助理壓力來源，並適時進行介入。

關鍵字: 工作特質, 工作狀況, 生活品質, 心理健康, 研究助理

關鍵字

工作特質 ； 工作狀況 ； 生活品質 ； 心理健康 ； 研究助理

並列摘要

This study was conducted to describe job contents, working status, quality of life and mental health among research assistants in health care industry, and to investigate the association among aforementioned factors. A structured questionnaire was sent to 300 research assistants in 3 health care facilities. In the end 52% (155) completed questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire included five sections: 1) personality: gender, age, education, marital status, smoking status, drinking status and exercise; 2) working status: job title, employment status, working conditons and tendency of quitting work; 3) job contents; 4) quality of life; and 5) mental health. Job contents were measured with the scale of Chinese Version of the Job Content Questionnaire (C-Job); quality of life was measured with the scale of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL); mental health was measured with scale of Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ12). These data were analyzed by statistical software, SPSS v.15, where Logistic Regression was applied to model the association between job contents, working status, quality of life and mental health. The followings were the important results of this study:
1. The results showed that ventilation, workstation design, and use of chemical agents were the top three most needed improvement working conditions. Subjects with mixed job duty experienced better job control and higher work demands and were lack of job security. Subjects whose job duty needed to contact with patients experienced lower social supports. Subjects whose job duty needed to do animal experiments experienced better job contral. Subjects who had higher tendency in quitting work experienced less job control, lower social support from supervisor, lower workplace justice, worse quality of life, and worse mental health.
2. Subjects with senior high school diploma experienced higher work demands and those with less than one-year work experience perceived lower workplace justice. Subjects with higher work stress were in the status of bad quality of life and mental health; on the other hand, subjects with lower work stress were in better status of two.
3. For the association among job contents, quality of life and mental health, under better job control and more support form supervisors and coworkers, quality of life became better; while lacking job security, quality of life became worse and tendency toward mental disorder was higher; furthermore perceiving good workplace justice, quality of life truned out better and tendency toward mental disorder was lower.
Job contents apparently related to quality of life and mental health. This study found that 10% of the subjects were in the group of high work stress. Occupational safety and health department in the health care facility need to further investigate sources of their work stress and implement prevention strategy.
Keywords: Job Contents, Work Status, Quality of Life, Mental Heath, Research Assistants

並列關鍵字

Job Contents ； Work Status ； Quality of Life ； Mental Heath ； Research Assistants

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