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  • 學位論文

社會資本、休閒行為對健康影響模式之建構與驗證

The Construction and Validation of a Health Effect Model of Social Capital and Leisure Behaviors

指導教授 : 顏妙桂
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摘要


本研究旨在瞭解臺北市市民社會資本、休閒行為與健康的情形及其相關,並探討臺北市市民之背景變項、社會資本、休閒行為對健康之預測功能以及社會資本、休閒行為對健康之直接和間接影響效果及影響路徑。 首先經由文獻分析有關社會資本、休閒行為與健康之相關概念,再探討其內涵與因素,然後綜合相關研究,以瞭解社會資本、休閒行為與健康之影響因素。其次,以自編「社會資本、休閒行為與健康之調查問卷」為研究工具,依據臺北市十二個行政區,採分層比率抽樣,問卷共發出1000份,有效問卷計338份,有效問卷率33.8%。所得資料採用次數分配、因素分析、Pearson積差相關、階層迴歸分析法、結構方程模式等統計方法。 根據本研究之發現,歸納出以下的結論:一、臺北市市民之社會資本趨向中等程度且對規範評估最高;二、臺北市市民之休閒動機趨向中上程度且頗為一致,並以社會性動機最高;三、臺北市市民之休閒參與以日常閒逸型態參與程度較高;四、臺北市市民之休閒阻礙趨向中下程度且以結構性阻礙最高;五、臺北市市民之休閒滿意度趨向中上程度且以放鬆面向最滿意;六、臺北市市民自覺健康之評估趨向中上程度且對社會健康評估最高;七、社會資本愈高,休閒動機愈高,休閒參與程度愈高,休閒阻礙愈低,休閒滿意度愈高;八、社會資本愈高,自覺心理健康、社會健康、整體健康愈好;九、休閒動機與休閒參與、休閒阻礙、休閒滿意度有相關;休閒參與與休閒阻礙、休閒滿意度有相關;十、休閒行為與健康有相關;十一、臺北市市民之性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、社會網絡、規範、社會參與、信任、社會性動機、藝能活動參與型態、日常閒逸參與型態、個人內在阻礙、心理面向滿意度能有效預測健康;十二、社會資本能夠直接正向的影響健康;十三、休閒行為之休閒阻礙能夠直接負向的影響健康,而休閒滿意度能夠直接正向的影響健康;十四、休閒滿意度在社會資本影響健康之路徑,具備中介變項之作用。 最後,根據本研究之結果,以及所歸納的結論,提出具體建議,以供政府機關、休閒實務者、臺北市市民及未來研究之參考。

並列摘要


The purpose of this study was to better understand the current situations and relationships among social capital, leisure behaviors, and health of Taipei City citizens. In addition, the study examined the predictability of Taipei City citizens’ health based on the variables of demographics, social capital, and leisure behaviors. Finally, the ways in which social capital and leisure behaviors could directly and indirectly affect the Taipei City citizens’ health was also explored. Data were collected and analyzed to gain main concepts of social capital, leisure behaviors, and health, and the results were then discussed to infer the factors generated by social capital, leisure behaviors, and health. A survey questionnaire was used to examine the relationships among social capital, leisure behaviors, and health of Taipei City citizens. One thousand subjects were selected from the twelve districts of Taipei City, and 338 copies were counted as effective, which makes the effectiveness ratio 33.8%. Then the data were analyzed using the statistical methods of frequency distribution, factor analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation, hierarchical regression, and structural equation modeling. Conclusions drawn from the survey results are as follows: 1.Taipei City citizens tended to have an intermediate degree of social capital and scored the highest on the dimension of the “norm”. 2.Taipei City citizens’ leisure motivations were consistent and “sociality” had the highest score. 3.Taipei City citizens reported highest participation in casual leisure activities. 4.Few constraints hindered Taipei City citizens’ participation in leisure activities. Among those, "structural constraints" was the most significant. 5.Most Taipei City citizens were satisfied with their leisure life, especially the “relaxing” aspects. 6.Taipei City citizens evaluated themselves as being in intermediate health and evaluated their “social health” as the highest. 7.Taipei City citizens with high social capital reported strong leisure motivations, high levels of participation in leisure activities, few leisure constraints, and had a high degree of satisfaction with their leisure activities. 8.The more social capital that Taipei City citizens had, the better their reported health; psychologically, socially, and overall. 9.The results showed no correlation between leisure constraints and satisfaction, but significant correlation between leisure motivations, leisure participation, leisure constraints, and leisure satisfaction. There was also a significant correlation between leisure participations, leisure constraints, and leisure satisfaction. 10.A significant correlation was found between Taipei City citizens’ leisure behaviors and their health. 11.The health situation can be predicted through Taipei City citizens’ gender, age, education background, marital status, social networks, norm, social participation, trust, social motivation, arts activities, relaxing leisure activities, personal constraints, and psychological satisfaction. 12.Social capital could positively affect the health of Taipei City citizens. 13.The health of Taipei City citizens was affected negatively by leisure constraints and positively by leisure satisfaction. 14.Leisure satisfaction was found to be an interval variable between the social capital and health. Finally, based on the results and conclusions of this study, practical suggestions are offered for government agencies, leisure service industries, Taipei City citizens, and future research.

參考文獻


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