台灣地區中老年人長期生活滿意度研究

Predictors of the long-term satisfaction in mid aged and elderly Taiwanese

呂雅惠(Ya-Hui Lu)

指導教授 ： 黃怡婷

國立臺北大學/商學院/統計學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

自1993年以來，台灣己進入所謂高齡化社會，如何提升中老人生活滿意度之議題日漸受到重視，但大部份研究均屬於横斷面的研究，所以只能看出當下與中老年人生活滿意度有關的因素或是不同世代中老年人的生活滿意度是否有差異，而非真正影響中老年人生活滿意度的因素；若要真正知道影響中老人年生活滿意度改變的因素，則需藉由長期追蹤中老年人生活滿意度來知道其生活滿意度之改變與哪些因素有關；本研究即從社會學觀點以緃貫面向之探討以了解影響台灣中老年人其生活滿意度改變的原因以及中老年人生活滿意度的世化變化。
本研究之資料來源為行政院衛生署國民健康局「1989，1993，1999，2003 年台灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」，主要針對台灣地區57歲以上之中老年人為研究對象，本研究利用平均反應曲線來呈現中老年人生活滿意度的長期趨勢，長期資料的廣義線性模型來分析中老年人生活滿意度之改變與哪些因素有關以及中老年人生活滿意度的世化變化。
本研究發現影響中老年人生活滿意度改變之重要因素有「性別」、「年齡」、「籍貫」、「老年居住型態」、「婚姻狀態」、「老年工作型態」、「子女數」、「手足數」、「休閒活動參與數」、「社團活動參與數」等變項，研究結果顯示，有工作之中老年人其平均生活滿意度比沒有工作者高，其中，有工作之女性中老年人其平均生活滿意度比男性低；平均生活滿意度隨著年齡增加而增加；客家族群於1989年時其平均生活滿意度高於閩南人族群，但於1993年時，其平均生活滿意度為最低；與配偶或子女孫子女同住之中老年人其平均生活滿意度比獨居之中老年人高，有偶之中老年人其生活滿意度比無偶之中老年人高；子女數愈多則中老年之之平均生活滿意度愈高；手足數愈多之女性中老年人其平均生活滿意度比男性中老年人高；社團休閒活動參與數較多者之中老年人其平均生活滿意度比參與數較少者高。
研究發現1993年時其中老年人平均生活滿意度為最低，而該年也社會經濟發展開始衰退之際，顯示社會經濟發展對中老年之生活滿意度深具影響；綜上所言，經濟、男女工作平等及族群認同度等因素對中老年人之生活滿意度具有影響力，本研究之結論希望能提供未來政府相關單位做為如何因應未來老人生活規劃之參考。

關鍵字

生活滿意度 ； 中老年人 ； 長期資料 ； 廣義線性模型

並列摘要

Taiwan has become the so-called advanced ageing society since 1993. The issue on how to improve the life satisfaction for the mid-aged and elderly people becomes more and more important. However, most researches are focused on crossectional studies, which can only indicate potential factors associated with satisfaction among different generations. To know the change in the life satisfaction among the mid-aged and elderly people, one has to observe the life satisfaction longitudinally. This research uses the sociological viewpoint to understand the potential factors that associate with the change of the life satisfaction and the life satisfaction among different generations in Taiwan.

This research used data obtained from “survey of the health and lives of the mid-aged and elderly people in Taiwan from 1989, 1993, 1999, 2003” which is provided by the Investigation Center of Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, Taiwan. The target population is people that are over 57 years old and live in Taiwan. This study uses the mean response curve to summarize the life satisfaction longitudinally and its association with other potential factors. Also, the generalized linear model for longitudinal data is used to assess the longitudinal association between life satisfaction and other potential factors.
This research discover that the key factors influencing the longitudinal life satisfaction of the mid-age and elderly life satisfaction key factors include gender, age, ethnic groups, living environment, marriage status, working types, number of children, number of siblings, number of leisure activity participation, number of the mass organization activity participation etc. To be specifically, the result shows that the working mid-aged and elderly people have higher mean life satisfaction than those who are not working. In particular, there exists a gender difference. That is, working mid-aged and elderly women have lower mean life satisfaction than the corresponding men. The average life of satisfaction increases as age increases. In 1989, the mean life satisfaction for the Hakkas population is higher than the Minnan population, whereas the direction changes in 1993. The mid-age or elderly people who lives with their spouse, the children or grandchildren have higher mean life satisfaction. The mid-age or elderly people who has spouse has higher mean life satisfaction. As the number of children increases, the mean life satisfaction increases. In particular, the mean life satisfaction is even higher for female. The more the number of clubs that the mid-age and elderly people join, the higher the mean life satisfaction they has. The overall mean life satisfaction in 1993 is lower than that in other years.
The finding of the overall mean life satisfaction is coinciding with the beginning era of the economic decline in Taiwan. This reveals that the life satisfaction among the mid-aged and elderly people not only associate with the basic demographics but can be also influenced greatly by the change of economic status in Taiwan. The finding of this research can provide guidance for government to set up the policies for the mid-aged and elderly people.

並列關鍵字

life satisfaction ； mid-aged and elderly people ； longitudinal studies ； generalized linear model

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