政府收支、人力資本對經濟成長的影響

The impacts of government and human capital on economic growth

楊軒豪(Hsuan-Hao Yang)

指導教授 ： 王宜甲

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/經濟學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

本篇論文以新古典成長理論為出發點，除了分析人力資本對一國經濟成長的影響外，更加入了政府部門和財政學上政府收支的概念，用以研究影響一國經濟成長的關鍵因子。本篇論文選取的樣本為2005年至2010年21個有完整資料的OECD國家，分析方法採用固定效果模型、隨機效果模型和多階段迴歸分析。本篇論文的結果顯示人力資本對一國的經濟成長影響程度遠大於該國擁有的資本存量，因此各國政府應以如何增加更多的人力資本為主要施政目標，方才能有亮眼的經濟成長表現。此外，政府收支對一國的人力資本有正向的幫助，貿然的減稅政策可能侵蝕一國人力資本應有的表現，降低其累積的速度，進一步危及到該國的經濟成長，是故各國政府在推行減稅政策時，勢必得三思而後行。

關鍵字

固定效果模型 ； 人力資本 ； 經濟成長 ； 隨機效果模型

並列摘要

This study aims to investigate the impact of human capital on economic growth based on neoclassical models. Some hypotheses from public finance literature suggest that government spending plays an important role in economic growth, and this role will also be investigated in this study. Besides, tax structure can influence government spending, meaning that government spending is not an exogenous variable, so any estimation should take into account possible endogeneity bias. The sample used in this study covers 21 OECD’s countries, for the period from 2005 to 2010. The empirical results show that human capital is the major source in economic growth. In addition, government spending can increase human capital stock in our sample countries, so that in order to stimulate economic growth in an economy, the government should focus on how to improve both quality and quantity of human capital stock for its own country.

並列關鍵字

Human Capital ； Economic Growth ； Panel Data

參考文獻

Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2013) “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table” available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt.

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Egbetunde, Tajudeen (2013) “Public Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Evidence from Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Specification,” Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business, 16, 79-92.