高屏溪流域國有林崩塌地之變遷與植生恢復

The Landslide Change and Vegetation Restoration of National Forest Land in Kao Ping River Basin

黃雅莉(Ya-Li Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳朝圳

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/森林系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00213

摘要

台灣地處菲律賓海洋板塊及歐亞大陸板塊交接處，地質組成較複雜，當地震、颱風及暴雨侵襲時，容易引起崩塌及土石流等土砂災害。旗山、荖濃溪事業區屬高屏溪之上游地區之國有林班地，其為莫拉克颱風重創之地區。遙測衛星影像具有固定時間、大範圍取得地面資料之能力，可監測崩塌地分布情況及植生復育狀態。本研究以遙測影像為材料，透過GIS進行2000年、2003年、2009年莫拉克風災前及風災後之四期衛星影像，以數化萃取崩塌地空間分布資料，並將崩塌地隨時間的演變，區分為維持不變型、植生恢復型、新增型及擴崩型。利用衛星影像之植生指標、地景指數及長期氣象資料，分析歷年各類型崩塌地之分布與植生自然恢復狀況，期以瞭解該地區之崩塌自然恢復機制。本研究結果顯示，在2009年莫拉克颱風後，崩塌面積大量增加，主要崩塌類型為新增型與擴崩型，誘發崩塌發生之主要原因除地形及環境因子外，人為開發與極端降雨亦為重要的影響因子。莫拉克颱風前(2000-2006年)崩塌轉移以新增型與擴崩型崩塌所佔比例相對較高，對於新增及擴崩型崩塌地，為加速植生恢復建議可優先考慮進行植生復育。由崩塌之誘發因子分析可知，高屏溪流域各不同崩塌類型，其主要影響因子為坡度與離道路距離。由崩塌地之地景變遷分析可知，各崩塌類型嵌塊體分布，隨時間的演變更趨分散與破碎，由其莫拉克颱風所造成之崩塌地數量，已使高屏溪流域之森林地景結構受到嚴重破壞。

關鍵字

崩塌地 ； 遙感探測 ； 植生恢復 ； 地景變遷

並列摘要

Taiwan is located on the circum-Pacific seismic belt that the geological structure was complicated, the cause of landslides and debris flows and other sediment disasters were the earthquakes, typhoons and heavy rains. Chishan and Laonong river working circle were located at the national forest land in Kao Ping river basin that was the Morakot disaster area. The satellite images can monitor the wide range distribution of landslides. This study collected 2000, 2003, 2009 Pre-disaster, 2009 disaster and 2010 of remote sensing images as a materials. Extract spatial distribution of landslide data and landslide evolution over time, divided into Unchanged, Recovery, Append and Expand types of landslide. In addition to use vegetation index and long-term weather data to analyzed the distribution of landslide vegetation recovery over the years. The results shows, The landslide area were increase, the main of landslide type was append and expand type occur after the typhoon of Morakot in 2009. In addition to environmental factors induced collapse occurred, the human development and extreme rainfall are also important factors. Most of landslide area were the expand type and enlarged type by the landslide transfer data between in 2000-2006 years and before Morakot, therefore it can be used as vegetation recovery of priority. Effect of landslide types formation are slope and road of distance in Kaoping river. Through of landscape index, the landslide vegetation cover and patch of landslide type were dispersion and fragmentation, the forest landscape structure will be damaged.

並列關鍵字

landslide ； remote sensing ； vegetation restoration ； landscape change

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