高齡者社會風險與社會保障之研究

葉至盈

指導教授 ： 邱瑜瑾博士

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/社會工作系/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00228

摘要

本文欲以「風險社會」之概念來探討我國老年需求與福利問題，因此運用94年與98年二筆老人狀況調查做次級資料分析，以瞭解我國老人面臨之健康照顧、經濟與生活風險因子為何；其次探討貫性時間改變，對老年風險產生哪些變化；最後則依據分析結果對老年社會保障提出相關政策建議。
本研究發現，老人於健康照顧有以下風險，包括：高達四分之一老人有較嚴重之健康風險、而老人之疾病邁向多元化，在照顧上專業照顧比例下降，家庭照顧提升；其次，老人經濟風險發現：老人經濟獨立性仍低，仍高度仰賴子女奉養，而有高達二成老人收入不足以支應開銷；在老人生活風險方面則發現：有一成之老人負向情緒高、老人社會參與度非常不足，對於福利資訊認知及福利使用率又非常低落。
在老人基本背景對老年風險影響則發現：老人之性別、教育程度與婚姻狀態對老人生活中所面臨之各種風險均有顯著影響，其中又以女性、低教育程度者以及沒有伴侶或配偶者，其所面臨之健康、經濟與生活風險較高。
因此本研究建議在政策上：首先，政府應設置高階、專責之老人行政單位，以統合老人各面向之需求，提供全人、專業之服務；其次，政府促進老人經濟獨立，包括促進高齡就業、推廣老人財產信託、建置公平之老年退休制度等，第三，應重視老人之家庭政策，特別是老年婦女在家庭中之處境；第四，在質與量上應提升老人終身學習內涵；最後，則應針對部分老人福利法內容加以修訂，以促進老人權益，提供完善之老年社會保障。

關鍵字

老人 ； 社會風險 ； 社會保障

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to research the issue of senior citizen’s requirement and social welfares in our country according to the concept of “risk society”. Thereafter, it takes the Senior Citizen Condition Survey of year 2005 and 2009 for secondary analysis as inference of health care, financial condition and life risk factor of senior citizen. It also investigates how the change of longitudinal time would affect senior citizen’s risk. Finally, according to the analysis result, it provides related policy proposal for senior social security.
This study indicates the following risks of senior citizen’s health care: up to one-fourth of senior citizen are facing serious health risk. Senior citizen’s illnesses are getting diverse, which decrease professional care and increase home care. Secondly, regarding senior citizen’s financial risk, it indicates senior citizen still have low financial independence and need to be cared by their children, and up to twenty percent have insufficient income to balance their spending. Thirdly, from life risk’s point of view, ten percent of senior citizens are emotional negatively, having very less social participation, and lacking knowledge about welfare, hence little welfare usage rate.
From the correlation between senior citizen ‘s background and their risk, it shows gender, education, and marriage status are having great influence on all types of senior citizen’s life risk. Among them, those who are women, single, and having low education are facing higher health, financial, and life risk.
Therefore, this study suggests for the following policies: Firstly, the government shall set up a higher-level and professional administration institution for senior citizen, to provide holistic and dedicated service according to their various requirement. Secondly, the government shall promote the financial independency of senior citizen by facilitating elderly employment, elderly property trust, and fair elderly retirement system. Thirdly, senior citizen’s family policy shall be emphasized, especially those for elderly women’s family condition. Fourthly, to increase both quality and quantity of senior citizen’s content of lifelong learning. Finally, to amend some Senior Citizen’s Welfare Act, in order to promote their rights and to provide complete social security.

並列關鍵字

aged ； risk society ； social security

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