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  • 學位論文

先前知識、學習能力與機會辨識對實質選擇權論據之影響

The Impact of Prior Knowledge, Learning Ability and Opportunity Identification on Real Options Reasoning

指導教授 : 陳悅琴
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摘要


失敗是資產還是負債?失敗的經驗對事業發展帶來那些影響?過去文獻研究中發現,大多數研究都是探討如何成功、影響成功的要素有哪些,卻鮮少研究探討失敗成因及失敗對於個人的意義與價值為何。根據經濟部「2007年中小企業白皮書」的報告中指出,中小企業有四成活不過五年,由此可知,失敗在事業經營中是一個重要且常見的現象。2009年5月國民失業率大增,5月失業人數為63萬3,000人,較上月增加8,000人,失業率為5.82%。由此可見,失敗的情況發生在每個階層,不分學歷背景。 因此,本研究主要在探討曾經經歷決策失誤、投資失敗或事業經營失敗之創業家與高階經理人,其失敗經驗對個人後續事業經營之影響。本研究以先前知識、機會辨識與學習能力等變數間關係,探討對實質選擇權論據之影響。本研究採用三階段研究方法。第一階段採個案訪談法,透過四家中小企業的樣本來探討,創業家失敗經驗對後續事業經營之影響。第二階段採量化分析方法,根據文獻資料與第一階段中的研究發現進行問卷設計,以216位創業家與高階經理人作為樣本,了解其先前知識在透過學習能力的干擾下,對於機會辨識的影響以及實質選擇權論據的認知表現。第三階段採用專家訪談法,與創投業者進行深入訪談並萃取失敗類型概念,並了解創投業者,對曾經有過失敗經驗之創業家其新事業發展的態度,與是否決定投資和提供資源等相關探討。 研究結果發現,學習能力對先前知識與機會辨識之認知有顯著干擾效果。先前知識對實質選擇權論據之影響,若透過機會辨識之影響,其效果會變得更好。此外,本研究從專家訪談法中萃取出二種失敗類型,命名為「準加分型失敗」與「準減分型失敗」,以說明失敗可能為資產或負債之效果。本研究結果可提供創業者以及正經歷失敗之個體,從失敗中萃取經驗與學習之參考價值。

並列摘要


Is failure asset or liability? What influence does failure experience have on the business development? In the traditional stream research, studies mostly focus on how to achieve success and what are the factors which can influence being successful, but few studies focus on the causes of failure and its influence on the individual and personal concept of value. According to the Ministry of Economic Affairs, "White Paper on Small and Medium Enterprises in 2007", the report pointed out that 40 percent of small and medium-size enterprises cannot survive for first five years and it is a significant and common phenomenon in the business world. Besides, the unemployment rate had increased to 5.82 percent in May 2009 and the number of unemployed had reached 630,000 which was 8,000 more than the previous month. It can be seen obviously that failure can occur in each class, regardless of personal academic background. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the experience of decision-making or investment errors, and business failure or bankrupt of entrepreneurs and high-ranking professional managers on the new venture operation. This study is to explore the relationship of variables among the prior knowledge, learning ability and the opportunity identification and its impact on the arguments of the substance of real options reasoning. Three-phased research methodology are adopted. The first phase of this study applied the case study trying to explore the impact of failure and prior experience on running new business base on the four samples of small and medium-sized enterprises. Quantitative analysis of the second phase of mining method, in accordance with the literature data and the first phase of the research findings in the design of the questionnaire, using 216 entrepreneurs and high-ranking professional managers as a sample to comprehend how learning ability based on the prior knowledge influences the opportunity identification, the impact of real options reasoning as well as the arguments of cognitive performance. The third phase of the study adopted expert interviews with the venture capitalists to conduct a more advanced interviews to find the failure type of concept extraction and understand whether failed entrepreneur''s unsuccessful experiences have any influence on investment willingness and attitude of venture capitalist when failed entrepreneur starting a new business. The research results found that the learning ability based on the prior knowledge had a significant interference with opportunity identification the cognitive performance. The impact of prior knowledge on real options reasoning: the effect will be better through the impact of opportunity identification. In addition, failure types can be divided into two types from the interviews with experts and entrepreneurs "quasi-addition of failure" and "quasi-subtraction of the failure" which can explain the failure may be the effect of assets or liabilities. The results of this study will provide entrepreneurs as well as the individual who is experiencing failure with the chance to learn from unsuccessful experienced and use other''s experiences for reference.

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