新紫米水稻突變體特性描述及花青素合成基因表現分析

Characterization of a new purple rice mutant and analysis of the gene expression in anthocyanin biosynthesis

梁華文(Hua-Wen Liang)

指導教授 ： 范宗宸

亞洲大學/健康學院/生物科技學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

水稻是全世界主要的糧食作物之一，品種的改良和選育新品種，對於適應環境和食品保健都具重要意義。本研究根據之前於2006年田間調查中發現，品系代號M0027669-8 T1世代，此植株在抽穗期不同穗上結出兩種穗型之嵌合體現象，依其稻穀顏色和形狀，可區分為金黃色圓型穀粒及紫色長型穀粒。第一部份為分析此突變品系之嵌合體現象原因與後代表現型及基因型分離率之研究，第二部份描述此新紫米水稻之特性及其花青素合成基因表現分析。嵌合體現象之後代表現型已呈現穩定不分離，且性狀具穩定性及無異型株出現。此一紫色長型穀粒可能是從T0 世代組織培養後體細胞突變產生的，而不是由外在基因插入造成的變異。新紫米水稻不論在植株高度、植株生長速度、分蘗數、產量、每穗粒數、節間長等農藝性狀皆優於市售紫米與對照品種台農67號之外，其總花青素含量亦較高，抑制酪胺酸酶能力較強，具美白之功效。此外，亦發現此一新紫米水稻之幼苗經UV照射後，會增強花青素含量的生成，避免UV輻射增加所造成的逆境，具光敏感性。為保護此一新紫米水稻的品種，針對其表現型及基因型提供明顯的特徵差異作為未來品種命名用。

關鍵字

水稻, 功能性基因體學, 嵌合體現象, 花青素, 酪胺酸酶

並列摘要

Rice is one of the world's major food crops that improved and breeding new varieties for adjust the environment and functional food are both great significance. One of mutant line M0027669-8 of T1 generation has two different spike-types of the chimera phenomenon at heading stage, according to their color and shape of rice grain to divide into golden round grains and purple long grains. The study of first part was analysis of M0027669-8 T1 generation of chimera phenomenon reason, and phenotype and genotype of progeny segregation ration. Second part was describes of new purple rice characterization and analysis of the gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis. M0027669-8 T1 generation of chimera phenomenon of progeny of phenotypes showed no segregation. The purple long grain possibly was generated from somatic mutation of T0 generation during tissue culture not by external gene insertion. This new purple rice, whether in plant height, plant growth rate and other agronomic traits are superior to commercially varieties of purple rice and Tainung 67. Moreover, has rich of anthocyanin content and stronger tyrosinase inhibition ability in bran of purple rice extract. In addition, this new purple rice of seedling generated purple color rapidly in proportion to UV doses that anthocyanin contents were accumulated in seedlings. We provide the characteristics of phenotype and molecular marker of genotype to identify and protection of this new purple rice variety.

並列關鍵字

rice, functional genomics, chimera phenomenon, anthocyanin, tyrosinase

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