台灣土石流災害防救體系之探討

The Research of Debris Flow Disaster Prevention and Protection System in Taiwan

林潤榮(Ruenn-Rong Lin) ； 黃文仁(Wen-Jen Huang) ； 林廣榮(Kuang-Jung Lin) ； 許建德(Chine-Te Hsu) ； 許中立(Chung-Li Hsu)

《坡地防災學報》 4卷2期 (2005/12) Pp. 53-70

https://doi.org/10.29995/JSHR.200512.0005

摘要

台灣的災害防救法於2000年6月30日頒布實施，其中災害防救體系架構大致包括了組織與計畫兩大部份，而組織中又分爲會報、應變中心與緊急應變小組三個層面，並將災害防救體系確立爲中央、縣市與、鄉鎮等三個層級；而災害防救計畫則包括災害防救基本計畫、災害防救業務計畫、與地區災害防救計畫等，各業務單位分別依其屬性提送及研修相關防災計畫，而行政院行政院農業委員會爲土石流災害之主管機關，爲使計畫順利推動也於2002年2月22日擬訂土石流防災疏散避難作業程序、土石流災情蒐集與通報作業程序、土石流防災教育宣導暨宣導實施要領、土石流災害預報與警報作業程序、防止土石流二次災害暨復原重建作業程序等，以建立土石流災害防救體系中各階段之實施應變運作機制，規範各防救災業務整合與協調，落實土石流災害防救業務推動。惟執行至今已有數年的時間，中央與地方基層的認知似仍有落差，本文乃綜合整理歸納執行經驗，而從法令、組織與運作等多方面加以檢視，並提出檢討改進建議作為地區災害防救計畫擬定之參考。

關鍵字

土石流 ； 災害防救體系 ； 作業程序 ； 運作機制

並列摘要

The Taiwan disasters prevention and protection law had been issued and put into practice on June 30, 2000. Roughly, among that the disasters prevention and protection system structure including organizing and planning two major parts, thus organizing can be divided into meeting, emergency management center, and disaster emergency response task force in three aspects promptly, and established firmly the disasters prevention and protection system with such three levels as the organization of central, county, and village. The disasters prevention and protection plan including the disasters prevention and protection basic plan, the disasters prevention and protection professional plan, and regional disasters prevention and protection plan, accordingly each relational services of central government proposed amending their relevant professional plan of disasters prevention and protection. Due to above plans, the Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan become the director organization for the debris flow disaster prevention, for this work promoting smoothly, the Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan drawn up debris flow disaster prevention works from February 22, 2002, such as debris flow disaster prevention and evacuation operation procedure, debris flow condition collect and notify operation procedure, debris flow disaster prevention propaganda and education essentials, debris flow disaster forecast and alarm operation procedure, and debris flow extending disasters control and reconstruction operation procedure, in order to set up the implementation emergency practice mechanisms of debris flow disaster prevention and protection system in each stages, and each kinds disaster prevention and protection operation normalizing, combine, coordinate, and practice. Although that carry out already several years, but there were some cognitive problem between each level's organization exultantly. Thus this research synthetically sums up the experience of carrying out from the aspects of decree, organization, and operation, to inspect and offer the suggestion of making a self-criticism, improving, and defend for the reference of regional disasters prevention and protection plan.

並列關鍵字

Debris Flow ； Disaster Prevention and Protection System ； Operation Procedure ； Practice Mechanism