土石流特定水土保持區劃定方法探討

Study on the Designated Method of Debris Flow Special Soil and Water Conservation Area

周惠文(Hui-Wen Chou) ； 陳淑慈(Shu-Tzu Chen)

《坡地防災學報》 16卷1期 (2017/06) Pp. 15-34

摘要

自1996年3月25日「特定水土保持區劃定與廢止準則」公佈實施後，行政院農業委員會水土保持局即開始進行特定水土保持區的劃定工作，持續辦理了水庫集水區34處、土石流區123處及崩塌地54處之特定水土保持區劃定計畫草案調查規劃工作，但至今為止已公告59區特定水土保持區，不到三成的公告率。由於其中土石流特定水土保持區的草案最多，且與土石流潛勢區息息相關，又涉及所在地土地之開發使用，使得推動特定水土保持區劃定面臨許多嚴峻挑戰。此外，特定水土保持區亦是我國目前少數具有天然災害風險管理精神之法定區域，不管地方執行機關或者是一般民眾，往往並未完全認知災害管理之觀念，亦增加特定水土保持區劃定工作之困難，本文介紹日本、奧地利、美國等土石流危險區域的編定與討論臺灣土石流潛勢溪流影響範圍之劃定方法，藉探討劃定工作特性與整治需求，期能對提昇推動劃定工作之效率有所助益。

關鍵字

特定水土保持區 ； 土石流 ； 天然災害 ； 風險管理

並列摘要

Since the ＂Designated Soil and Water Conservation Area Mapping and Repeal Act＂ had promulgated on March 25, 1996, the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (SWCB) had investigated and proposed being 34 reservoir-watershed areas, 123 debris-flow areas and 54 landslide areas to designate soil and water conservation area mapping projects. Till now, the SWCB had approved 59 projects and put into implementation. Since the policy of Designated Soil and Water Conservation Area restricts the rights of land use, it causes lots of inextricable problem in promoting the policy. Besides, the Designated Soil and Water Conservation Area is one of a few statutory areas with the concept of nature disaster risk management in Taiwan. The executive offices or locals usually can't recognize the essential of the policy, which consequently increases the difficulty in its implementation. This study introduce the method of debris-flow hazard designated special soil and water conservation area about of Japan, Austria and U.S.A, also discussed the essential of legislation and the problems encountered by the designated soil and water conservation area policy on Taiwan. Finally, this paper also illustrated the new strategies and proposed future directions of this policy.

並列關鍵字

Designated special soil and water conservation area ； Debris flow ； Nature disaster ； Risk management