在臺灣長期照顧服務的供應資格受到法規制度的控制,目前仍以非營利組織作為主要的供給者,避免老人的照顧服務受到市場機制的剝削。然而,在績效掛帥、照顧需求擴及各種所得階層,以及日益注重責信的環境下,非營利組織有越來越「商業化」的傾向,不禁懷疑,其合法性地位代表的「非營利」價值是否也逐漸破壞。因此,本研究將透過組織商業化現象的探討,釐清組織在此時期轉變的意涵,為我國長期照顧服務供應市場的建構提供發展的方向。 本研究透過企業精神的概念,觀察組織社會取向與商業取向管理行為的發展程度,藉此解讀社會服務組織商業化現象,分析臺灣長期照顧服務場域的社會服務組織的管理是否普遍以商業目標為主,其中的非營利組織是否發生「目標置移」。本研究以提供長期照顧服務的組織為對象,並採郵寄問卷的方法進行資料蒐集。研究結果發現:組織管理的商業取向與社會取向呈現相輔相成的關係,不同法定地位類型的組織其組織管理的發展並沒有明顯的差異,而長期照顧服務的供應組織普遍都以社會目標來發展組織的管理,當中的非營利組織普遍沒有發生目標置移。最後,本文根據研究結果提出下列建議:正視長期照顧服務供給市場混同的事實,調整長期照顧服務保障弱勢者權益的策略,探究商業取向與社會取向影響因素,並落實商業與社會取向雙軌發展。
The laws and regulations control the eligible that provide long-term care service in Taiwan. Currently non-profit organization (NPO) still is the substantial providers of long-term care service. The planning is regarded as mechanism that protects the elderly care services from the exploitation by the market mechanism. However, the NPO has the tendency towards "business" when government emphasis on performance, care demands includes various income levels, and civic society pays more attention to accountability. We worried that the change of situation may destroy the legal status that represents "non-profit" value of NPO. We need that discussed the phenomenon of NPO commercialization and clarifies the meaning of organization change in this period. The article is a pilot study to apply the concept of entrepreneurship to investigate the development of management practices that how social orientation and commercial orientation grow, to interpret the commercialization phenomenon of social service organizations that analysis whether the core value of social service organization is generally the kind of business. Among the organizations, whether the NPOs show the state of "mission drift". The research has adopted the method of mailing questionnaires to collect data on the organizations that provide long-term care service in Taiwan. The results showed: the relationship among entrepreneurial orientation subdimentory that how commercial and social orientation grow is complementary. The development of the management is little different among the organizations of the different legal status. Overall, the organizations that provide long-term care services develop generally the management of the social objectives. Among the organizations, the NPOs generally don’t show the state of "mission drift". Finally, according to the findings of the research we recommend to the government and social service organizations as follows: face the fact that the legal status don’t stand for the core value of the organization at all, adjust strategy that protect the rights of the disadvantaged for long-term care services, explore factors that associated with the development of entrepreneurial orientation, and develop social and commercial orientation that base on the belief of complementary relationship.
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