芬多精成分之生心理效益初探－以α-蒎烯及芳樟醇為例

Exploring Study of Phytoncide on Psychological and Physiological Effects : Using α-pinene and linalool as an Example

林怡文(Yi-Wen Lin)

指導教授 ： 余家斌

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/森林環境暨資源學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700454

摘要

現代人生活在都市叢林，高度物質化的生活對於人體的生心理影響極大，因此，紛紛尋求舒緩身心的方法，進行森林浴也是其中一種方式。森林環境對於人體影響的研究越來越多，環境研究多著重在森林整體環境或是五感中的聽覺及視覺，然而相較於嗅覺研究較少。在芬多精相關研究上，多著重芬多精成分或是相關二次代謝物針對抗菌上的研究，亦或是多以老鼠為實驗對象，關於芬多精對於人體生心理影響方面的研究較少，且氣味認知深受過去生活環境所影響，生長於不同的生活環境可能有不同的影響。
本研究主要目的為研究α-蒎烯(α-pinene)及芳樟醇(linalool)此兩種芬多精成分對於人體的生心理影響，其中生理指標包含心跳、血壓及心跳變異率(HRV)。心理指標包含情緒、偏好及感官評價。量測工具為POMS情緒量表及13對形容詞感官評價量表。實驗分為對照組及實驗組，對照組運用無味道且同時為實驗組稀釋液的橄欖油，實驗組分別使用α-pinene及linalool。使用便利取樣對22人進行實驗，得有效樣本22人，腦波有效樣本21人，運用SPSS進行描述性統計、成對樣本t檢定、相依樣本ANOVA分析及Pearson相關等統計分析。
研究發現（一）在生理指標上，對照組在心跳、LF及收縮壓上有顯著差異，Fp2-θ、Fz-θ及θ波加總腦波活動顯著增加，Pz-β、O2-β腦波活動顯著減少。α-pinene實驗組中，O1-θ腦波活動顯著降低。linalool實驗中，心跳有顯著下降Fz-β、C3-α、C3-β、O1-α、O1-β、O2-β腦波活動顯著減少。不同的氣味下生理指標僅有腦波部分有顯著差異，事後比較發現α-pinene相對於對照組使O1-α及O1-θ降低。（二）在情緒影響上，對照組會使緊張、混亂此二個構面達顯著差異，在實驗組α-pinene緊張、生氣、疲倦、混亂四個構面達顯著差異，linalool則緊張、生氣、沮喪、疲倦、混亂。但不同氣味之間對於情緒並無顯著差異。（三）感官評價上，對照組前後測中13對形容詞中有4對有顯著差異，實驗組中各有8對形容詞有顯著差異。且不同氣味之間對於感官評價有顯著差異。（四）在偏好上皆無顯著差異。（五）在相關性中發現，不論是情緒、感官評價、偏好及生理指標之間多有顯著相關性。

關鍵字

芬多精 ； 盤斯心情量表 ； 感官評價 ； HRV ； 腦波 ； α-蒎烯 ； 芳樟醇 ； 生理 ； 心理

並列摘要

Modern people live off the concrete jungle, while modernization takes a toll in both physiology and psychology. Forest bath, among all the physical and mental methods, is an effective way to release the pressure. The great amount of current studies regarding forest bath have been targeted at visual and auditory senses, but the sense of olfactory has relatively less mentioned. In the light of this, the researches about phytoncide emphasized the phytoncide components, the antimicrobial research, or mice as the priority experimental objects, however, the current researches in this particular area have known little about its effectiveness in human psychology and physiology, due to the complexity in the nature of human behavior such as experience, culture or living environment, which have restrained the authenticity of most further studies.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of α-pinene and linalool on human health. The physiological part includes heart rate(HR), blood pressure(BP) and heart rate variability (HRV). The psychological part includes preference, emotion, and sensory evaluation, using the profile of mood state (POMS) and sensory evaluation scale of 13 contrasting pairs of the adjective. The experiment includes two groups: the control group and experimental group. The control group was treated with olive oil which is colorless and tasteless and as the dilution of the experimental group. The experimental group was treated with α-pinene and linalool. There were 22 valid samples and 21 valid samples of EEG. The data was examined by descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, repaired measure ANOVA and Pearson correlation.
The results showed that (1) HR, BP, Pz-β, O2-βwas reduced and LF, Fp2-θ, Fz-θ and θ wave was increased in the control group. α-pinene reduced O1-θ. Linalool reduced HR,Fz-β, C3-α, C3-β, O1-α, O1-β, O2-β. There were significant differences between α-pinene and control group. α-pinene decrease O1-α and O1-θ more than control group (2) In the emotional effects, the control group decreased tension, confusion. α-pinene decreased tension, anger, fatigue and confusion. Linalool decreased tense, angry, frustration, fatigue, confusion. There were no significant swift mood-changes among control group, α-pinene and linalool. (3) In Sensory evaluation part, there were significant differences of 4 pairs of adjectives in control group, 8 pairs of adjectives in α-pinene and linalool. There were no significant differences in sensory evaluation among control group, α-pinene and linalool. (4) There were no significant differences in preference among control group, α-pinene and linalool. (5) There were different significantly correlations among emotion, sensory evaluation, preference and physiological indicators.

並列關鍵字

phytoncide ； POMS ； sensory ； evaluation ； HRV ； EEG ； α-pinene ； linalool ； physiology ； psychology

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