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  • 學位論文

暗夜遺城:澳門舊城暗夜的移工情感實踐與公共空間再造

Heritage City in the Dark: Tracing Migrant Worker’s Affective Practice and Re-making Public Spaces of The Historic Centre of Macao

指導教授 : 黃舒楣
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摘要


本研究關注澳門移工的都市生活參與和公共空間實踐。近年澳門政府試圖藉由賭權開放與遺產旅遊發展挽救低迷經濟,受惠於「自由行」政策實施與申遺成功,博彩旅遊業為澳門帶來前所未見的經濟奇蹟,旅客數字與移工人數同樣攀升至新高峰,同時劇烈地影響了澳門的都市地景變遷。舊城公共空間襲產化後吸引大量人潮,不堪觀光污染的社區居民紛紛遷出,取而代之的是填補廉價勞動力空缺的移工。本研究以議事亭前地與大三巴牌坊為例,指出舊城公共空間隨著時間變奏與使用者更替,空間疊層的交替並置持續改寫空間的意義,並藉由參與式觀察探究移工在夜間的空間實踐與情感展演,分析舊城公共空間的族裔化過程如何「修補」因高度商業化而日漸消弭的公共性,並再造了舊城居民搬離後的都市地景。 澳門當局制度縫隙讓移工擁有了參與公共生活的基本條件,又因其居住狀況不甚理想,促使移工更積極於暗夜使用公共空間作為私人空間的延伸並進行各種情感再生產的行為,透過身體參與的持續積累出獨特公共生活。研究發現,此由移工所實踐的空間形態與公共生活並非延續過往家鄉生活習慣,也非模仿跨國流動經驗中的假日活動,而是根植於在澳生活而產生的空間文化。日間高度商業化的世遺景點在族裔化的過程中短暫回復公共之用,新的公共生活有別於客居社會的常態與規範,部分的交往行為可能逾越了道德與倫理的界線,卻修補了舊城失去的公共性。從世遺之城到移工之城的日夜翻轉過程中,移工的公共空間實踐如反身鏡域,移工人在異鄉的有限能動性揭露了本地居民失落的公共生活,同時呈現移工人在異鄉仍有可能再造家與認同。

並列摘要


This study is focused on the migrant workers’ participation in public space in Macau. Following Macau's handover to the People's Republic of China in 1999, Macau government attempted at boosting the declining economy by liberalizing gaming industry and promoting heritage tourism. Bolstered by the Individual Visit Scheme and the historic centre of Macau’s successful inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage, the booming of gaming tourism created many remarkable economic achievements, lured an incredible number of tourists and then migrant workers, which together led to a drastic transformation of urban landscape. After the heritagization of the historic centre of Macau, many community residents voluntarily retreated from the neighborhoods for not being able to handle the influx of tourists and migrant workers who follow suited to fill up the demand of cheap labor as a result of growing gaming tourism. Through participant observation carried out at the Senado Square and the Ruins of St. Paul's, I illustrate how different operators’ spatial practices, day and night, rewrite the meaning of the public spaces of the historic centre of Macau. I elucidate how the migrant workers’ spatial practices and affective practices create a spatio-temporal interstice in the dark, and analyze how ethnic territorialization of the public spaces of the historic centre of Macau re-made the urban landscape and publicness that had been eroded by the booming of gaming tourism. Owing to the legal window of accommodation regulation in Macau, migrant workers here have more opportunities to participate in public life than those elsewhere. Moreover, the poor living conditions of the boarding house prompt some of the migrant workers to extend their private life into public space for affective reproduction. As the study shows, this kind of participation is different from the daily practices at homeland or the holiday habits in the transnational experience, but a unique space culture rooted in the migrant workers’ lives in Macau. Through their participation, the heritage sites were reverted to the public use in the dark from the status of commodification. Although the new public life is distinct from the mainstream society of Macau and some of the intimacy behaviors are possibly challenging moral boundaries of Macau, it re-makes the publicness that was eroded as a result of increasing commodification of space by tourism. These findings illustrate the dynamic, ethnic landscape added to the heritage city every night, which acts as “reflexive heterotopia” to Macau and in the meantime as a contested space for the migrant workers to re-make a sense of home and identity despite limited agency.

參考文獻


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