去政治化的政治：台灣政治事件的敘事社會學分析

The Politics of Depoliticization: A Narrative Sociological Analysis of Political Events in Taiwan

陳雨君(Yu-Chun Chen)

指導教授 ： 蕭阿勤

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/社會學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2010.01973

摘要

本論文從文化社會學與敘事社會學的角度，探討台灣「去政治化」的政治敘事如何產生與轉變，並且釐清此種敘事的社會意義與社會效應。本論文的研究發現，在1970年代的威權統治時期，台灣社會出現了兩種去政治化的敘事模式：「安定繁榮的去政治化敘事模式」與「民主、法治、反暴力的去政治化敘事模式」。國民黨的社會宣傳致力於運用這兩種敘事，進行意識型態教化，強化其統治正當性，對台灣社會留下深遠的影響。到了1990年代政治自由化初期，省籍問題及國族認同議題的浮現，以及激烈喧鬧的選舉政治氛圍，則讓另外兩種去政治化的敘事模式被催生出來：「否定省籍問題存在的去政治化敘事模式」與「厭惡選舉政治的去政治化敘事模式」。這兩個90年代的重要敘事模式，繼而成為2000年民主進步黨執政後台灣社會的政治論述的重要元素。2000年至今，民主化的台灣社會形成了兩種新的去政治化敘事：「反對轉型正義」與「經濟優先」的去政治化敘事模式。它們綜合、累積了70年代以降的各種去政治化敘事的要素，因此變得更加龐大、意義上也更為複雜。這種現象顯示，隨著時間的演變、象徵資源的積累，行動者能夠運用的論述資源也更為豐富，同時也可以挪用先前的敘事要素來建構新的政治論述。2000年之後台灣社會去政治化現象愈加流行，事實上是累積醞釀已久的結果。就現實政治的變遷而言，在一方面，針對各種社會政治議題，愈加盛行的去政治化，與「反去政治化」、企圖「再政治化」的力量互相激盪衝突；在另一方面，去政治化敘事的愈形發展，內容包羅更加廣大，顯示台灣社會的政治分裂不僅沒有趨於消解，反而更加嚴重。本論文揭露「去政治化」運作的各種樣貌，探究政治行動者如何藉由各種去政治化的敘事模式以否定、掩飾自身行動的政治性。本論文指出，去政治化做為隱諱、不易察覺的政治，有利於隱藏某些由於特定認同或立場而來的言論、行動、或政策，並對台灣社會的政治認知與參與產生負面的影響。

關鍵字

台灣政治 ； 去政治化 ； 敘事 ； 敘事社會學 ； 文化 ； 文化社會學 ； 民主政治

並列摘要

Focusing on narrativized political discourse, this thesis aims at analyzing the emerging “depoliticized” politics in Taiwan since the late twentieth century. Drawing on the theoretical approach of sociology of narrative and method of narrative analysis, this thesis examines the continuity and discontinuity of “depoliticized narratives” (DPNs) and their cultural-political significance and effects in Taiwan in the last four decades. I investigate how and why DPNs have changed over the recent forty years since the 1970s and evaluate them through different stages of historical transformation that parallel the trajectory of democratization in Taiwan. First, I argue that, during the authoritarian period of the 1970s in Taiwan, there are two modes of DPNs. One thematizes “social stability and prosperity” and another, “democracy, rule of law, and anti-violence.” The ruling Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) propagandized these two modes of DPNs to justify its political control and demobilize the support for dissidents and this has had a far-reaching effect on the Taiwanese society. Secondly, in the early 1990s, a period of dramatic political liberalization, two new modes of DPNs developed as a result of the periodic unrest caused by frequent elections and of contentious politics of ethnicity and nationalism. The first new mode denied the existence of the ethnic problem brought about by the “local Taiwanese-Mainlanders” division. The second mode of DPN was dominated by cynicism about the new democracy and electoral politics. The two 1990s DPNs paved the way for the development of most recent DPNs in Taiwan. Since 2000, when the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) gained the ruling power in the presidential election, another two modes of DPNs have been looming large in the Taiwanese society. The motif of one of these two modes is to neutralize the demand for “transitional justice” and thus diminish opposition to the political force represented by the KMT. By highlighting the priority of pursuing economic development, another recent popular mode of DPN minimizes the significance of the politics of national identity caused by China’s claim to sovereignty over Taiwan. Built upon previous ones, the most recent DPNs have become more articulated. Old DPNs as symbolic resources ready to be drawn on by political elite and the public have facilitated the formation and prevalence of new ones. In sum, the politics of depoliticization in Taiwan over the recent four decades has resulted in growing cynicism about democracy in general and polarization of political positions, especially those regarding national identity, in particular. The politics of depoliticization has mixed consequences of exacerbating political conflicts and demobilize political participation. Examining the various modes of the DPN, I conclude that the essence of the DPN is to hide the narrator’s particular identity or position by downplaying, if not making invisible, any political import of discourse, action, and policy in the political arena with a view to maximizing his or her interests. The politics of depoliticization, as shown in my analysis of the modes of the DPN, has had an negative effect on the development of democracy and civil society in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese politics ； depoliticization ； narrative ； sociology of narrative ； culture ； cultural sociology ； democratization

參考文獻

簡立欣，2007，《媒體時代的群眾運動：試論倒扁運動的框架演變》，台大政治所

湯志傑，2007，〈勢不可免的衝突：從結構╱過程的辯證看美麗島事件之發生〉，

魏艾，2009，〈經濟全球化下兩岸經貿關係的戰略選擇〉，《海峽評論》第217期，

江宜樺，2007，〈台灣的轉型正義及其省思〉，《思想》第5期，台北：聯經出版，

郭紀舟，2007，〈70年代的夏潮雜誌〉，《思想》第4期，台北：聯經出版，