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  • 學位論文

基於FPGA之視覺定位及建圖於移動式機器人

FPGA-based Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping for Mobile Robots

指導教授 : 孫崇訓

摘要


本論文將完成視覺定位及建圖(SLAM:Simultaneous Localization And Mapping)於二輪式移動式機器人,並將擴張型卡爾曼濾波器(EKF:Extended Kalman Filter)建立於現場可程式化閘陣列系統(FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array)上。首先以機器人上之雙鏡頭感測器偵測立體影像,再使用SURF(Speeded-UP Robust Features)搜尋立體影像上之影像靜態地標,地標透過EKF估測機器人及地標的大地空間位置,最後利用模糊控制器完成移動式機器人控制,使移動式機器人可穩定行進於空間中並建立空間地圖。本論文成功簡化EKF運算量,並將其實現於FPGA上,同時將二輪式移動機器人運動學運用在EKF演算法中。最後本論文於實驗中證實簡化EKF之成效及SLAM系統之準確性。

並列摘要


For the issue of an autonomous mobile robot, the capabilities of localization and mapping are very important. In this paper, a visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of a two-wheeled mobile robot (TWMR) is established by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and speeded-up robust features (SURF). First, the stereo images are captured by a binocular vision system build on the mobile robot. Then the interest landmarks of an image are detected by SURF. The geometric relationship between landmarks and robot are derived by the kinematics of TWMR and EKF. The motion control of TWMR is based on fuzzy control design. We also reduce the computation demand of EKF and successfully implement the simplified EKF on the field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) architecture. Finally, the practical experiments prove efficiency of the modified EKF and accuracy of the developed SLAM system.

參考文獻


[15]陳立新,離散切換式T-S模糊大型系統控制器設計,淡江大學機械與機電工程學系碩士論文,2011。
[6]馮盈捷,使用尺度與方向不變特徵建立機器人視覺式SLAM知稀疏與續存性地圖,淡江大學機械與機電工程學系碩士論文,2011。
[7]郭沛棋,兩輪式差速驅動機器人之視覺式同時定位與建圖,淡江大學機械與機工程學系碩士論文,2011。
[1]H. Durrant-Whyte, and T. Bailey, “Simultaneous localization and mapping: part I,” IEEE Trans.Robotics & Automation Magazine, vol. 13, pp. 99-110, Jun. 2006.
[2]H. Bay, A. Ess, T. Tuytelaars, and L. Van Gool, “SURF: Speeded-Up Robust Features,”Computer Visio and Image Understanding, vol. 110, pp. 346-359, 2008.

被引用紀錄


王瀚森(2014)。視覺里程計之即時性與準確性改善〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.01048
蕭恩哲(2013)。基於視覺式里程計之二輪式機器人控制〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2013.00731

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